Week 1- ANS Flashcards
what are the effects of adrenergic blocking agents?
inhibit or lyse stimulation of sympathetic nervous system and NT’s
What are the 3 basic nervous system functions?
Recognizing sensory input or stimuli
Processing and integrating the stimuli
Reacting and responding to the stimuli (producing the motor output)
What are the effects of beta adrenergic agonists?
know all: bronchial, GI smooth muscle, and uterine smooth muscle relaxation, glycogenolysis, and cardiac stimulation
Which NT is dopamine similar to and what is its mechanism of action?
similar to epinephrine (even though it is an inhibitory NT) that causes vasodilation of select arteries = increased blood flow in the renal, mesenteric, coronary and cerebral arteries.
the Nervous–>PNS–> MOTOR division is further divided into what?
Somatic Nervous system and Autonomic Nervous systen (ANS)
what do alpha2 adrenergic receptors do?
control release of NE located on the presynaptic nerve terminal
What is the mechanism of cholinergic antagonists?
drugs that inhibit or block action of ACH in parasympathetic nervous system
Most imp NT’s (or chemical msg) in Pharm are?
*DEANS*
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
What do alpha1 adrenergic receptors do?
target cell muscle or organ stimulated by nerve located on postsynaptic effector target
What are the effects of cholinergic agonists?
*SLUDGE*
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urinary Incontinence
Diarrhea
GI cramps
Emesis
where are beta- adrenergic receptors located?
all are located on the postsynaptic effector cells
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
the neuron
Where are the NT in axon terminals held?
vesicles
Where are the postganglionic neurons located?
outside the CNS in the PNS bc its axon terminates the signal on the effector cell/tissue/or organ. *** (CNS)pregang—ganglia synapse ANS—post(PNS)
What are the two major control systems?
Endocrine–> Slow control
Nervous –> Fast control
what is the originating neuron called?
presynaptic neuron
what is the receiving neuron called?
postsynaptic neuron
define: Adrenergic agonists
aka sympathomimetics bc they stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
mimic: EPI, NE mainly ALPHA-adrenergic effects
define: synaptic cleft
gap btw adjacent neurons
What are ganglia and what is their purpose?
clusters of neuron cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNS that serve as synapse stations for ANS
WHat do both major control systems use to transmit info as messengers?
Both use Chemicals
Endocrine: uses hormones Nervous: uses NT
Define: Sensory division
or Afferent division: nerve fibers that carry info to the CNS
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?
remember that it binds with ACH Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors
the ANS has what type of control over which muscle or tissue?
Involuntary control (vs voluntary like the somatic ) over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular tissue
What are the two major nervous systems?
CNS and PNS
Where are the beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors found?
1 heart, 2 lungs
beta1- primarily in the heart
beta2- in smooth muscle like bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs
Define: synapse
junction btw nerves
What is in the gray matter of the CNS?
neuron cell bodies, tracts and unmyelinated axons
Name the excitatory NT’s and what they do?
They stimulate(*excite*) the nerve impulse: dEANs
EPI, ACH, NE
Adrenergic receptors are sub-divided into which receptors and what do they bind to?
Alpha-adrenergic receptors- binds to NE
Beta-adrenergic receptors- binds to EPI
What are the effects of the beta2 adrenergic agonist drugs?
2 lungs- bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, glycogenolysis in the liver (glycogen–>glucose)
Neurons have two specialized extensions: axons and dendrites. Which conducts toward the cell and which conducts away from the cell?
dendrites: conduct toward the cell
Axons: conduct Away from the cell
What are the effects of alpha adrenergic agonists?
vasoconstriction and stimulation the CNS, male ejaculation, decreased insulin release
Name the 3 Types of NT receptors?
*CAD*
Cholinergic- binds to ACH
Adrenergic- binds to Catecholamines (EPI, NE)
Dopaminergic- binds to dopamine
which bodily functions are regulated by the ANS?
RUBDoWn- BH
Respiration
Urinary excretion
BP Digestive fx
Water balance
Body Temp
Heart Rate
Sympathetic branch is known as what?
fight or flight
What are the functions of the ANS?
regulate and integrate the body’s internal functions
integrate parts of the CNS and PNS to react to changes in the internal and external environment
parasympathetic is known as what?
rest and digest
Nervous–>PNS–> MOTOR division–> ANS is divided into??
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branch
Where are preganglionic neuron cell bodies located?
inside the CNS *** (CNS)pregang—ganglia synapse ANS—post(PNS)
Where are the beta1 adrenergic agonists located?
1 heart- located in the myocardium AV node and SA node
What are the effects of the beta1 adrenergic agonist drugs?
cardiac stimulation: positive inotropic(force of contraction), positive chronotropic (heart rate), and positive dromotropic effect (conduction speed of AV node).
What is the PNS divided into?
Sensory and Motor divisions
why are NT, axons, and neurons imp in pharm?
Bc many drugs act like NT, some block the NT form binding to its receptor and some enhance NT action
Define: Motor Division
or Efferent division (E for effort of a motor): nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the CNS, to the effector cell/tissue
What are other names of adrenergic-blocking agents?
adrenergic antagonist or sympatholytics
Name the Inhibitory NT’s and what they do?
They inhibit the nerve impulse. (DeanS + G)
Dopamine, Serotonin and GABA
what are cholinergic agonists?
drugs that bind to cholinergic receptors- act like ACH aka parasympathomimetics
When NT crosses the synapse what does it bind with on the effector structure (target tissue)?
Specific Receptors
