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CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY > Week 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

An area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another organism. (Study of Parasites)

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

Deals with the parasites that cause human infections and diseases they produce.

A

Medical Parasitology

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3
Q

Parasitology is divided into two categories, which are?

A

Protozoology and Helminthology

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4
Q

Deals with the study of protozoans, the “animal-like” protists which are significant parasites of humans.

A

Medical Protozoology

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5
Q

Deals with the study of helminths (worms) capable of causing diseases in humans.

A

Medical Helminthology

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6
Q

He was the Dutch microscopist who was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa.

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

His researches on lower animals refuted the doctrine of spontaneous generation, and his observations helped lay the foundations for the sciences of bacteriology and protozoology.

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

He has made microscopes consisting of a single high-quality lens of very short focal length.

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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9
Q

On what year did Leeuwenhoek observed protozoa for the first time and several years later, bacteria?

A

1674

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10
Q

What are the three important organisms in Parasitology?

A
  1. Host
  2. Parasite
  3. Vector
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11
Q

Any organism that lets another organism live in or on it.

A

Host

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12
Q

Any organism that lives in or on the host

A

Parasite

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13
Q

Where the infective stage of the parasite develops.

A

Vector

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14
Q

What is essential to the life cycle?

A

Vector

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15
Q

What is host-dependent?

A

Parasite

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16
Q

It is the relationship or interaction between two different organisms.

A

Symbiosis

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17
Q

What are the three times of symbiosis?

A
  1. Commensalism
  2. Mutualism
  3. Parasitism
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18
Q

What type of symbiosis where one organism derives nourishment/nutrition from the host without causing harm?

A

Commensalism

(a + b = a & B)

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19
Q

What type of symbiosis is where both organism benefit from the interaction?

A

Mutualism

(a + b = A & B)

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20
Q

What are the two types of mutualism?

A
  1. Obligate
  2. Facultative
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21
Q

What type of mutualism is where one or both the organism depend on each other for survival?

A

Obligate

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22
Q

What type of mutualism is where both organism benefit but does not depend on each other for survival?

A

Facultative

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23
Q

What type of symbiosis is where one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of the host?

A

Parasitism

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24
Q

What are two types of parasitism?

A
  1. Ectoparasite
  2. Endoparasite
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25
Q

What are the two types of Parasites according to their habitat?

A
  1. Endoparasite
  2. Ectoparasite
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26
Q

What parasite lives within the body of the host?

A

Endoparasite

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27
Q

What parasite inhabits the outside body of the host such as body surfaces like the skin?

A

Ectoparasite

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28
Q

What are the four types of parasites according to modes of living?

A
  1. Obligate
  2. Facultative
  3. Accidental
  4. Erratic
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29
Q

What mode of living needs a host to complete their development?

A

Obligate

30
Q

What mode of living may exist in a free living state or may become parasitic when the need arises?

A

Facultative

31
Q

What mode of living where the parasite establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live?

A

Accidental/Incidental

32
Q

What mode of living where the parasite is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat?

A

Erratic

33
Q

What are the five types of parasites according to their duration?

A
  1. Abberant
  2. Permanent
  3. Spurious
  4. Temporary
  5. Parthenogenetic
34
Q

What type of duration is where it infects a host where they cannot develop further?

A

Abberant

35
Q

What type of duration remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life?

A

Permanent

36
Q

What type of duration where it passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host?

A

Spurious

37
Q

What type of duration lives on the host only for a short period of time?

A

Temporary

38
Q

What type of duration where the female parasite is capable of reproducing eggs without being fertilized by a male and whose eggs contain larva that immediately hatches?

A

Parthenogenetic

39
Q

What are the seven types of parasites according to pathogenecity?

A
  1. Pathogenic
  2. Coprophilic
  3. Non-pathogenic
  4. Cytozoic
  5. Hematozoic
  6. Coelozoic
  7. Enterozoic
40
Q

What type of pathogenicity is where it is a disease causing parasite?

A

Pathogenic

41
Q

What type of pathogenicity is where it is able to multiply in fecal matter outside human body?

A

Coprophilic

42
Q

What type of pathogenicity is where it is incapable of causing disease (commensals)?

A

Non-pathogenic

43
Q

It lives inside cells or tissues.

A

Cytozoic

44
Q

What is an example of cytozoic?

A

Trichinella spiralis

45
Q

Parasites that thrive inside RBCs.

A

Hematozoic

46
Q

What are the three examples of hematozoic parasites?

A
  1. Plasmodia
  2. Babesia
  3. Leishmania
47
Q

It lives in body cavities.

A

Coelozoic

48
Q

What is an example of coelozoic?

A

Mansonella spp.

49
Q

It resides in the intestines.

A

Enterozoic

50
Q

What are some of the examples of enterozoic?

A
  1. Tapeworms
  2. E. histolytica
51
Q

What are the five types of host?

A
  1. Definitive
  2. Intermediate
  3. Paratenic
  4. Reservoir
  5. Accidental
52
Q

What host wherein the parasite attains sexual maturity? (Adult parasites live)

A

Definitive Host

53
Q

What host harbors the asexual/larval stage of the parasite?

A

Intermediate

54
Q

What host in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages? (Parasite remains alive and is able to infect another host)

A

Paratenic Host

55
Q

What host allows the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of infection?

A

Reservoir host

56
Q

What host in which the parasite is not usually found?

A

Accidental

57
Q

What are the two types of vector?

A
  1. Biologic Vector
  2. Mechanical/Phoretic Vector
58
Q

What vector transmits the parasite only after it has completed its development within the host or vector? (It has morphological changes)

A

Biologic Vector

59
Q

What vector are those only capable of transporting the parasite?

A

Mechanical/Phoretic Vector

60
Q

What is an example of Biologic Vector?

A

Mosquitoes in Filarial Worms

61
Q

What is an example of Mechanical/Phoretic Vector?

A

Cockroaches in A. lumbricoides

62
Q

The physiological process associated with disease and injury.

A

Pathophysiology

63
Q

Property of causing disease

A

Pathogenicity

64
Q

It is the molecule that enhances the ability of a microorganism to cause disease?

A

Virulence Factor

65
Q

It is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms that are not normally present in the body.

A

Infection

66
Q

What are the three types of infection?

A
  1. Autoinfection
  2. Co-infection
  3. Superinfection
67
Q

It is the reinfection with larvae produced by parasitic worms already in the body.

A

Autoinfection

68
Q

It is the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species, for instance multi-parasite infections.

A

Co-infection

69
Q

The process by which a cell that has previously been infected by one virus gets co-infected with a different strain of the virus, or another virus, at a later point in time.

A

Superinfection

70
Q

It is the attack and multiplication of microorganism that are not normally present externally.

A

Infestation

71
Q

What are the six sources of infection?

A
  1. Soil
  2. Water
  3. Food
  4. Insect Vectors
  5. Animals
  6. Other persons
72
Q
A

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY (6 decks)

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