Week 1 Anatomy Words

Question 1

Gray matter:

Answer 1

neuronal cell bodies, neuroglia and unmyelinated fibres

Question 2

White matter:

Answer 2

axons of nerve cells

Question 3

Nucleus:

Answer 3

A collection of cell bodies in the CNS

Question 4

Ganglion:

Answer 4

A collection of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 5

Falx cerebri:

Answer 5

The double layer of dura mater that runs own the separation between the 2 cerebral hemispheres (called the longitudinal cerebral fissure)

Question 6

Longitudinal fissure:

Answer 6

Separates the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 7

Gyrus/Gyri

Answer 7

The bits of the brain which stick out

Question 8

Sulcus:

Answer 8

The bits of the brain which dip in. Think – if someone is sulking they might go hide.

Question 9

Central sulcus:

Answer 9

The only sulcus which runs all the way up the length of the brain (from the longitudinal to the lateral fissure). Separates the frontal from the parietal lobe. Lies further back than you imagine.

Question 10

Pre-central gyrus:

Answer 10

The gyrus lying anterior the central sulcus. Primary motor function and is part of the frontal lobe.

Question 11

Post-central gyrus:

Answer 11

The gyrus lying posterior the central sulcus. Primary sensory function and is part of the parietal lobe.

Question 12

Lateral fissure/Lateral sulcus:

Answer 12

Divides both the frontal lobe and parietal love above from the temporal lobe below. Is runs along the edge of the temporal lobe.

Question 13

Parieto-occipital sulcus:

Answer 13

Separates the occipital lobes from the parietal and temporal lobes. It is only visible on the medial surface of the cerebrum on a hemisected brain.

Question 14

Hippocampus:

Answer 14

Part of the temporal lobe. Named because it looks like a seahorse. Has a key role in memory.

Question 15

Parahippocampal gyrus:

Answer 15

Surrounds the hippocampus. Can be seen from below. A continuation of the cingulate gyrus.

Question 16

Uncus:

Answer 16

The end of the parahippocampal gyrus.

Question 17

Corpus callosum:

Answer 17

Connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres. It is a bundle of neural fibres and is the largest white matter structure in the brain.

Question 18

Vermis:

Answer 18

Connects the 2 lateral parts of the cerebellum together. It is small and narrow and found in between the 2.

Question 19

Septum pellucidium:

Answer 19

This is the membrane between the 2 lateral ventricles in the ventricular system.

Question 20

Lateral ventricle:

Answer 20

Composed of the 1st and 2nd lateral ventricles. In between the lateral ventricles I the interventricular foramen.

Question 21

Interventricular foramen:

Answer 21

the way by which the lateral ventricles open into the 3rd ventricle.

Question 22

3rd ventricle:

Answer 22

Lies below the lateral ventricles and connects the interventricular foramen to the cerebral aqueduct.

Question 23

Cerebral aqueduct:

Answer 23

A narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles. Drains CSF so if it is blocked there can be a back up of pressure.

Question 24

4th ventricle:

Answer 24

Also has a role in the drainage of CSF. CSF drains into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle.

Question 25

Diencephalon:

Answer 25

A vesicle of the brain derived from the forebrain. It is composed of the epithalamus, forsal thalamus and hypothalamus and forms the central core of the brain.

Question 26

Epithalamus:

Answer 26

A small component of the diencephalon. It’s most notable component is the pineal gland so is often a way of referring to this gland.

Question 27

Thalamus:

Answer 27

Forms the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle. Plays an important part in sensory, motor and cognitive functions.

Question 28

Subthalamus:

Answer 28

A small region lying deep to the ventricular wall. It contains the subthalmic nucleus, which is closely related functionally to the basal ganglia.

Question 29

Hypothalamus:

Answer 29

Forms the lower part of the walls and floor of the 3rd ventricle.

Question 30

Cerebral hemisphere:

Answer 30

The largest part of the brain. Derived from the Telencephalon.

Question 31

Pituitary gland:

Answer 31

Protrudes out the end of the hypothalamus. Role in secreting hormones.

Question 32

Pineal gland:

Answer 32

An endocrine gland. Produces melanin and serotonin.

Question 33

Choroid plexus cells:

Answer 33

Produce CSF. They also have a role in controlling the production of HCO3-?

Question 34

Calcarine sulcus:

Answer 34

Can be seen on the medial part of the cerebral hemisphere. It starts at the occpitial pole and runs forward until it is joined by the medial part of the parieto-occipital sulcus.

Question 35

Superior colliculus:

Answer 35

A component of the brain stem. It lies posterior to the cerebral aqueduct and anterior to the cerebellum. Part of the visual system.

Question 36

Inferior colliculus:

Answer 36

A component of the brain stem. It lies posterior to the cerebral aqueduct and anterior to the cerebellum. Part of the auditory system.

Question 37

Cerebral peduncle:

Answer 37

A region of the midbrain. It is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. It lies anterior to the cerebral aqueduct.

Question 38

Crus cerebri:

Answer 38

The anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle.

Question 39

Pons:

Answer 39

A section of brain stem. The midbrain lies above and the medulla below.

Question 40

Medulla oblongata:

Answer 40

AKA medulla. Found in the hindbrain. It contains contains cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and therefore deals with the autonomic functions of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 41

Conus medullaris:

Answer 41

: The tapering at the end of the spinal cord.

Question 42

Corda equina:

Answer 42

A bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots. It occupies the lumbar cistern.

Question 43

Cingulate gyrus:

Answer 43

Seen on the medical aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, the cingulate sulcus runs parallel to the upper margin of the corpus callosum. Wraps around the corpus callosum.

Question 44

Fornix

Answer 44

A C shaped bundle of nerve fibres in the brain that carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and then to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus.