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ENT > week 1 anatomy ear > Flashcards

week 1 anatomy ear Flashcards

1
Q

what does the temporal bone contain?

A

Organs of hearing and balance

Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves

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2
Q

what is the Pterion?

A

H-shaped suture formed from Frontal, parietal, temporal
and sphenoid.

Thinnest part of skull, middle meningeal artery underlying. giving epidural haematoma

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3
Q

3 fossa of base of the skull - what are they?

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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4
Q

what makes up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal, ethmoid & sphenoid

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5
Q

what makes up the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid and temporal

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6
Q

what makes up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

temporal and occipital

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7
Q

where does CNI exit skull?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid

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8
Q

what exits skull at superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, IV, V1, VI

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9
Q

what exits the skull at foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2

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10
Q

what exits the skull at foramen ovale?

A

V3

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11
Q

what exits the skull at the optic canal?

A

V2

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12
Q

what exits the skull at the intracranial opening of carotid?

A

CN 7, 8

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13
Q

what exits the skull at the the jugular foramen?

A

CN 9, 10, 11, internal jugular vein

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14
Q

where does CN XII exit the skull?

A

hypoglosssal canal

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15
Q

what is the external ear? function ?

A

auricle to tympanic membrane
via external acoustic meatus

collects and conveys sound waves to tympanic membrane

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16
Q

what is the middle ear? function ?

A

tympanic membrane to oval window
contains eustachian tube

amplifies & conducts sound waves to the internal ear

17
Q

what is the inner ear? function ?

A

oval window to internal acoustic meatus

converts special sensory information:into fluid waves, then APs, conducts APs to brain

18
Q

sensory supply to the ear/auricle?

A

helix= c2, 3

inferior parts of EAM & tympanic membrane=vagus

inner (spots)= facial

superior parts of EAM & most of the tympanic membrane= CN v3

19
Q

lymphatics drainage of the auricle. [where to they eventually drain to?]

A

Lateral surface of superior half=parotid lymph nodes

Cranial surface of superior half=mastoid lymph nodes (and deep cervical)

Rest of auricle, including lobe
=superficial cervical lymph nodes

[deep cervical lymph nodes (in carotid sheath); then thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct; then venous angle]

20
Q

describe the ‘skeleton of the external ear?’

A

temporal bone

elastic cartilage = avascular hyaline, so gets nutrients from skin.

21
Q

what is another name for the ear canal? what is it made up of? what does it produce?

A

external acoustic meatus

1/3 cartilage, 2/3 bony + lined with skin

produces earwax via ceruminous glands

22
Q

which direction to pull ear in otoscopic exam in adult?

A

gently pull auricle posterosuperiorly

23
Q

which direction to pull ear in otoscopic exam in child?

A

gently pull auricle posteroinferiorly (careful not to damage tympanic membrane)

24
Q

what does the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provide general sensory nerve supply to concerning the ear?

A 
middle ear cavity
eustachian tube
nasopharynx
oropharynx
tonsils
25
Q

what supplies the tympanic membrane?

A

external surface: mostly CN V3 (auriculotemporal branch)

internal surface: CN IX

26
Q

what two points does the eustachian tube connect?

A

the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

27
Q

what are the three bones (auditory ossicles) of the inner ear? how do they articulate?

A

malleus
incus
stapes

articulate via synovial joints

28
Q

where does the malleus rest and the base of the stapes attach to?

A

inner surface of ear drum

fits into the oval window (way into inner ear)

29
Q

what are the other names for the Eustachian Tube. what does it connect?

A

Auditory tube, pharyngotympanic tube

connects middle ear cavity to nasopharynx

30
Q

why is the Eustachian Tube clinically important?

A

bacteria/viruses can spread between the two
i.e. from pharynx/tonsils
pain and hearing loss

tonsillitis or pharyngitis can mimic ‘earache’
common example of referred pain

31
Q

the middle and inner ear and both in what part of the temporal bone?

A

petrous

32
Q

STOPPED AT SLIDE 14 why?

A

I’ve given up tonight :P

33
Q

what is the pinna?

A

whole out visible outer ear (AKA auricle)

34
Q

what is the helix? trigus?

A

outer parts of ear

infolding

ENT (19 decks)

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