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5100 Foundations > Week 1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 1 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the only intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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2
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the back?

A
  1. trapezius 2. latissimus dorsi 3. levator scapulae 4. rhomboid major and rhomboid minor
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3
Q

what structure is shown/highlighted?

A

suboccipital triangle

*does NOT include the rectus capitus posterior minor, which sits right next to it.

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4
Q

What structure is usually injured in a rotator cuff injury

A

The supraspinatus muscle is the most frequently injured component of the rotator cuff muscles, and tears are the most common pathological finding.

The rotator cuff consists of tendons from 4 muscles: subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor. They are fused with the capsule of the glenohumeral joint and play a major role in stabilizing the joint by holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity during the movements of the scapula at the shoulder joint.

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5
Q

What spinal nerve travels between C7 and T1? What about C5 and 6?

A

C8 spinal nerve, which travels between C7 and T1. This is because there are only 7 cervical vertebrae.
Clinical Correlate: A herniated disc/herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) or an osteophyte between C5 and C6 compresses C6 spinal nerve.

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

knee radio

A
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8
Q
A

*recall that the short head of the TRICEPS runs along the humerus, but the long head of the BICEPS runs along the humerus and into the joint

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9
Q

what structure is shown

A

plantar aponeurosis

another view shown attached

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10
Q

what structure is the red arrow pointing to

A

flexor retinaculum

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11
Q

State each thing being pointed to

A
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12
Q

what/where is the pars interarticularis

A
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13
Q

what pathology is shown

A

scotty dog fracture ie spondylosis

*the collar of the dog is the fractured pars interarticularis

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14
Q

what structures are being pointed to

A

*recall that the C1 “spinous process” is called the posterior tubercle… It’s technically a “rudimentary spinous process”

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15
Q

name each thing

A
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16
Q

what pathology is shown

A

atlanto-axial instability secondary to loss of transverse ligament of the atlas.

High yield because of intubation procedures in downs syndrome and Rheumatoid arthritis

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17
Q

what pathology is shown

A

hangman’s fracture: bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis of C2

Hangman’s fractures result from a hyperextension-compression injury typically occurring in an unrestrained occupant in a motor vehicle accident who strikes his forehead on the windshield.

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18
Q

what pathology is shown

A

Jefferson’s Fracture

▪A Jefferson’s fracture is a fracture of C1 usually involving both the anterior and posterior arches. In its classical presentation, there are bilateral fractures of both the anterior and posterior arches of C1 producing four fractures in all.

▪It is caused by an axial loading injury (such as diving into a swimming pool and hitting one’s head on the bottom).

. On conventional radiographs, the hallmark of a Jefferson fracture is bilateral, lateral offset of the lateral masses of C1 relative to C2 as seen on the open-mouth view (atlantoaxial view) of the cervical spine. The fracture is confirmed utilizing CT

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19
Q

what pathology is shown

A

burst fracture

(*don’t confuse with compression fracture, which is a height decrease but no retropulsion of bone)

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20
Q

Identify the hidden structures (ignore others)

A

median sacral crest

posterior sacral foramen

sacral hiatus

posterior sacral facets

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21
Q

the sacrum is ____ fused vertebra (#)

A

5

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22
Q

the coccyx is ___ fused vertebrae (#)

A

4

23
Q

what is an annulus fibrosis

A
24
Q

Identify the hidden structures

A
25
Q
  1. full name of muscle
  2. superficial, intermediate, or deep?
  3. what is its action
A
  1. serratus posterior inferior
  2. intermediate
  3. depresses ribs in forced expiration

*Notice on the same picture you can see the serratus posterior superior - function is elevation of ribs during forced inspiration

26
Q

what are the covered structures

A

For the erectorspinae muscles, from lateral to medial:

  1. iliocostalis
  2. longissimus
  3. spinalis

the mnemonic is: I Love Spine (lateral to medial)

(you know this mnemonic, you just have to remember which group it belongs to –> remember that when you’re in love your dick is erect

27
Q

what muscle group and depth are these muscles

  1. iliocostalis
  2. longissimus
  3. spinalis
A

erector spinae group of the deep muscles of the back (listed in order of lateral to medial)

28
Q

name the hidden structures, their function, and relative depth

A

Of the spinotransversales group.

splenius capitis (top) and splenius cervicis (bottom)

function:

Together—draw head backward, extending neck; individually—ipsilateral rotation of the head

MN: “Fiona, lemme ‘splain you something - you need to sit up straight” (these are the muscles that are weak for me when I’m hunching)

29
Q

Name the hidden structures and what do they innervate and/or supply

A

from top to bottom

  1. levator scapulae muscle
  2. dorsal scapular nerve –> innervates levator scapulae, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor (motor)
  3. superficial branch of transverse cervical artery –> supplies the trapezius
30
Q

blood supply to levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major

A

they all use the dorsal scapular artery for blood supply (which in turn, originates from the subclavian artery)

31
Q

For the latissimus dorsi:

  1. blood supply
  2. Innervation
  3. Insertion
  4. function
A

latissimus dorsi is latin for the “most extra” …
so this bitch gets arrested three (thraco-) dorky (-dorsal) officers and handcuffed. she’s sulking (sulcus) in between (inter-) the two (-tubercular) back seats of the car.

  1. blood supply - thoracodorsal artery (which originates from subscapular artery
  2. Innervation - thoracodorsal nerve (which originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus)
  3. Insertion - intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
  4. function -all the handcuffing motions (medial rotation, adduction, extension)

^mnemonic to remember this is the handcuff muscle

32
Q

from top to bottom, what are the hidden structures

A
33
Q

motor versus sensory innervation of the trapezius

A

motor: spinal accessory nerve (CN 11)
sensory: C3-4

*clinical application: if the patient can’t push against something with trapezius muscle, you need to assess brainstem because CN 11 is affected

34
Q

what nerve is going through the triangular interval

wjat artery is going through the trangular interval?

A
  1. radial nerve
  2. brachial artery
35
Q

origin of the trapezius

A

mn: it’s trap-EASY… it follows the same path as the spinal cord (C1 -T12)

*except in the cervical spine it’s technically attaching to the superior nuchal line

36
Q

what path would a needle follow during a lumbar puncture

A
37
Q

trapezius insertion

A

clavicle (lateral 2/3) and scapula (along the spine of the scapula)

clinical application:

the patient with a clavicle fracture will only elevate part of the clavicle because the muscle only inserts onto part of it

38
Q

blood supply of trapezius

A

subclavian artery –> thyrocervical trunk –> superior branch of transverse cervical artery

39
Q

what structure is outlined in blue

A

thoracolumbar fascia (connected to latissimus dorsi)

40
Q

what is the exact name of the structure with a pin in it

A

floor of the intertubercular sulcus (insertion point for latissimus dorsi)

41
Q

state the pathway of blood flow from the sublavian artery to exiting out the triangular space

A

subclavian–> axillary (3rd segment)–> subscapular–> circumflex scapular artery

42
Q

trace the pathway of blood supply from the subclavian artery to supplying the latissimus dorsi

A

subclavian –> axillary (to 3rd segment) –>

subscapular –> thoracodorsal (<blue></blue>

43
Q

the subscapular artery branches off of the ______________ and branches into the ____________and the __________

A

off of axillary artery (3rd segment)

into the circumflex scapular artery and the thoracodorsal

44
Q

the thoracodorsal nerve branches off of the ____________ of the brachial plexus

A

posterior cord

mn: it goes to the back (latissimus dorsi) hence “posterior”

45
Q

thoracodorsal nerve is aka/synonymous with __________

A

middle subscapular nerve

46
Q

name the hidden structures of this AP XR of the shoulder

A
47
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae

A

Origin: TRANSVERSE process of C1-6 on either side

Insertion: medial superior angle of the scapula

mn: S for Six (C6 vertebra) and Scapula

48
Q

what artery pierces through the brachial plexus

A

dorsal scapular artery (pierces between the superior and median trunks of brachial plexus)

49
Q

what structure is shown and what are the origin and insertion points. is it part of an anatomical triangle?

A
  1. rectus capitus posterior minor
  2. origin: posterior arch of C1; insertion: inferior nuchal line
  3. NO - although it is directly adjacent to the suboccipital triangle
50
Q

name the muscles that make the borders of the suboccipital triangle

A
51
Q

name the structures that make up the floor, roof, and contents of the suboccipital triangle

A

floor: posterior arch of C1
roof: semispinalis capitus muscle
contents: dorsal ramus of C1 nerve (aka supoccipital) and vertebral artery (same as blood supply and innervation)

52
Q

what are the borders of the triangle of auscultation

A

superior: scapula (medial border)
lateral: trapezius (inferior order of)
inferior: latissimus dorsi (superior border of)

53
Q
A

5100 Foundations (12 decks)

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