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YEAR 2 GI > Week 1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 1 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The abdomen is part of the trunk between the thorax and the what

A

The pelvis

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2
Q

The abdomen has mainly muscular walls except from the posterior aspect which has

A

Inferior ribs, lumbar vertebrae, intervertebral discs

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3
Q

Superior surface anatomy of the abdomen? (2)

A

Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages of 7th-10th ribs

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4
Q

Inferior surface anatomy of the abdomen?

A

Inguinal ligament
Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Inferior limit of what tells us the superior aspect of what

A

Of sternum = superior aspect of the abdomen

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6
Q

Where would you locate liver based on surface anatomy?

A

Under ribs like 7-10 and costal cartilages

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7
Q

How many ribs do we have

A

12

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8
Q

Where is the stomach based on surface anatomy

A

Left to centre. From height of inferior aspect of sternum to about 10/11th costal cartilage

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9
Q

Stomach is continuous with what

A

The duodenum

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10
Q

Where is the appendix based on surface anatomy

A

Lower right inguinal region

Though can be centre remember

Or really ‘McBurney’s point’.

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11
Q

Kidneys location based on surface anatomy

A

Either side of the vertebral column, below spleen

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12
Q

The appendix is located where on the large intestine

A

Cecum (start of large intestine)

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13
Q

The liver has three lobes true or false

A

No literally 2

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14
Q

Liver rises to what height surface anatomy, extends to what

A

Rib 5 to rib 12

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15
Q

What’s kinda directly above the liver

A

The diaphragm

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16
Q

Where’s McBurney’s point

A

A third from iliac spine when drawing a line to the umbilicus

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17
Q

Liver is where meaning pain doesn’t usually radiate where

A

Underneath the ribs mainly, so pain doesn’t ever really radiate below the ribs
Unless enlarged livee

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18
Q

How do we palpate the liver if it’s mainly below the ribs?

A

Find right costal margin, jutting out behind that. Ask patient to breathe in and out and you can feel it below your fingers.

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19
Q

Pain for the liver would radiate from what side and relative to stomach above or below radiation? (Despite kinda being same level as stomach)

A

Liver= right side. Stomach pain radiates higher

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20
Q

Stomach Vs liver innervation

A

Stomach = T8
Liver/ gall bladder = T8-T11

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21
Q

Small intestine Vs large intestine innervation?

A

“Testine” = think ten
Small = t10 innervation whilst large intestine = t11

Small above large radiation of pain

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22
Q

Kidney pain is radiated where and from what innervation

A

Kinda like inguinal groove area
But it’s t10 just like liver gallbladder and small intestine

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23
Q

Why do abdominal organs refer pain to skin?

A

Because brain not used to sensation from them

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24
Q

External oblique purpose

A

(2)
Support and compress abdominal viscera
Flex and rotate trunk

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25
Q

Internal oblique purpose (2)

A

Support and compress abdominal viscera, flex and rotate trunk

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26
Q

Transversus abdominis purpose (corset)

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

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27
Q

Rectus abdominis action and where

A

Across lumbar vertebrae at the back
And
From Xiphoid process to the 5th/7th costal cartilages to pubic crest and symphysis

Flexes trunk on lumbar vertebrae and
Compresses abdominal viscera, and controls tilt of pelvis

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28
Q

What’s the rectus sheaf

A

A large area of connective tissue
Formed by interlaced aponeurosis of internal, external oblique and the transversus abdominis

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29
Q

What’s the actuate line

A

Curved line found posterior to the rectus abdominis and the pubic symphysis

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30
Q

Is the actuate line always present?

A

No
But if it was it’d usually be 1/3 distance from pubic crest to umbilicus

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31
Q

What happens at the arcuate muscle?

A

Aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis pass anteriorly and at level of the line- instead of actually surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle.

So the rectus abdominis has all three aponeurosis as the rectus sheaf, then below the arcuate line is only the transversus abdominis

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32
Q

Clinical significance of the arcuate line?

A

Site of weakness in the abdominal wall, where a ventral hernia may develop.

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33
Q

What does the rectus sheaf enclose?

A

The rectus abdominis

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34
Q

Which two muscles are enclosed in the recurs sheaf?

A

The rectus abdominis and of course the pyramidalis muscles

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35
Q

Where is the pyramidalis muscles ?

A

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis area

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36
Q

Purpose of pyramidalis muscles?

A

Tense the linea alba

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37
Q

In the centre of the rectus sheaf is what

A

A horizontal line of connective tissue called the linea alba

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38
Q

Where is the linea alba?

A

Sternum to the pubis

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39
Q

Each anterior intercostal space contains how many arteries

A

Two

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40
Q

Each posterior intercostal space has how many arteries

A

Two

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41
Q

2 main that give off
What superior abdominal arteries please

A

Internal thoracic artery (off subclavian)
= superior epigastric (goes straight down)
Musculophrenic (along costal margin)

Abdominal aorta
10th and 11th (floating ribs so continues down abdominal wall)
12th = subcostal arteey

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42
Q

2 main arteries inferior abdominal wall

A

External iliac artey = inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac

Fermoral artery a bit further down, gives off superficial circumflex along iguinal iliac
And superficial epigastric

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43
Q

What’s caput Medusa

A

Formation of dilated abdominal wall veins due to portal hypertension

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44
Q

Above the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the what nodes

A

Acillry

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45
Q

Below the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the what nodes

A

Iliac nodes

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46
Q

What’s the inguinal canal?

A

An oblique passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall approx 4cm long that provides a passage for structures from the abdomen to the genital region

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47
Q

What passes through the iguanal canal?

A

Spermatic cord or ligament to the uterus

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48
Q

Muscle layers featured in the inguinal canal?

A

Outer to inner:
External oblique to internal oblique to tranversus abdominis muscle

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49
Q

In the abdominal wall, (as featured in the inguinal passage) what’s the three layers deep to the transversus abdominis muscle?

A

Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

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50
Q

Where are you if you’ve cut through the parietal peritoneum?

A

The peritoneal cavity

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51
Q

Where does the inguinal canal lie?

A

Just above and parallel to the inguinal ligament

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52
Q

What’s the ASIS

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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53
Q

What’s the most pointy boy I can feel?

A

Pubic tubercle

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54
Q

The external oblique muscle and aponeurosis attaches to what inferiorly

A

The iliac spine until the Asis, then the Punic tubercle, (and then it has nothing to attach to so….)

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55
Q

The external oblique muscles, after iliac spine and asks and then pubic tubercle, has nothing to attach to, so what does it do?

A

The lower part of the aponeurosis of the external oblique curls around itself and forms the inguinal ligament

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56
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

Nothing but the lower free margin if the external oblique aponeurosis

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57
Q

Layers of the anterior abdominal wall from the inguinal ligament go

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversalis muscle
Transversalis fascia
Extra peritoneal fat
Peritoneum

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58
Q

Where abouts are the gonads

A

Pelvic cavity

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59
Q

Why do the testes pass through the anterior abdominal wall to pelvic cavity rather than abdominal cavity?

A

For spermatogenesis, need a temperature couple degrees lower than in the abdominal cavity

Therefore creates inguinal canal

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60
Q

Where is the testicular/ovarian artery given off?

A

Abdominal aorta at level of l1/l2

Therefore BEFORE iliac branches
Vaginal ones come off the internal iliac arteries

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61
Q

What does the spermatic cord consist of- in the inguinal canal?

A

Arteries
Veins
Lymphatics
All in a cord like structure

The first part of the ductus deferens as well is part of the inguinal canal but not sure when that is…

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62
Q

How does testes drop through abdominal wall into the scrotum embryologically?

A

The gubernaculum gets smaller (fibrous cord that connects testes to exterior

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63
Q

Processus vaginalis is like a sleeve/gap in the inguinal canal where the guvernaculum was (barrier so testes don’t actually have contact with the abdominal cabity) what’s the problem that may occur here then?

A

Inguinal hernias, if increased pressure in abdomen, then eg loops of intestines may go through the inguinal canal

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64
Q

Do females have a gubernaculum?

A

Yes

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65
Q

Why is there less chance of an inguinal hernia happening in females?

A

Because whilst the gubernaculum shortens and pulls the ovary down, the ovary remains in the pelvic cavity, not the inguinal canal

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66
Q

What’s in the inguinal canal of females then if the ovaries aren’t there?

A

The guvernaculum persists as a ligament- main content of the inguinal canal in females

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67
Q

Where is the opening of the inguinal canal

A

A gap in the transversalis fascia called the deep inguinal ring

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68
Q

The transversalis muscle and the internal oblique muscle form what at pubic tubercle

A

They merge together and form a conjoined tendon

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69
Q

The transversalis muscle and the internal oblique muscle form a conjoined tendon and this does what

A

Arches over spermatic cord and goes through the deep inguinal ring to form walls and roof of inguinal canal

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70
Q

Superficial inguinal ring Vs deep inguinal ring

A

Deep inguinal ring = gap in the transversalis fascia
Superficial inguinal ring = gap in the external oblique aponeurosis (at pubic tubercle)

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71
Q

What are the walls and roof of the inguinal canal formed by?

A

The conjoined tendon of the internal oblique and the transversalis abdominals

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72
Q

What’s the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

The inguinal ligament - aponeurosis of external oblique muscle layer

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73
Q

The inguinal ligament extends from what to what

A

Asis to the pubic tubercle

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74
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

The transversalis fascia

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75
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring located? (At femoral pulse)

A

Halfway between pubic symphysis the the ASIS

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76
Q

During periods of increased intra abdominal pressure, Herniation May occur into the inguinal canal, which walks of the canal contract

A

Muscles of anterior and posterior wall

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77
Q

Borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Top and post = transversalis fascia
Ant = aponeurois of external oblique
Floor = inguinal ligament

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78
Q

Contents of the inguinal canal make Vs female (as well as blood and lymphatics)

A

Male = spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of the Genitofemoral nerve

Female = round ligament
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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79
Q

Does the Ilioinguinal nerve, that passes through the inguinal canal, goes through both the deep and superficial ring?

A

No just the superficial, doesn’t go through the deep therefore only travels through part of the inguinal canal

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80
Q

Layer of spermatic cords

A

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Cremaster muscle
External spermatic fascia

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81
Q

Which is the most common type of hernia?

A

Inguinal hernias

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82
Q

Definition of hernia

A

Protrusion of a hernia into an abdominal space

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83
Q

Two causes of hernias (kinda go together)

A

Weakened/damaged tissue and increased intra-abdominal pressure

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84
Q

Inguinal hernia definition

A

Abnormal protrusion of abdominopelvic contents through the superficial inguinal ring, into the groin

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85
Q

Deep inguinal ring location?

A

Just above the mid-point of the inguinal ligament

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86
Q

Superficial ring location?

A

Just above and lateral to the pubic tubercle

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87
Q

In an inguinal hernia, where does the hernia enter the canal?

A

Medial to the deep ring

88
Q

Direct inguinal hernia is caused by weakness in which wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Posterior

89
Q

Ironically, where would an indirect hernia enter the inguinal canal?

A

Enters the deep ring

90
Q

What

A
91
Q

Where do femoral hernias occur

A

Below the inguinal ligament

At posterior wall of the femoral canal. (This is a potential space below the inguinal ligament. Medial to the femoral vein)

92
Q

What separates the left and right sides of the recurs abdominis

A

Linea Alba- sternum to pubic bone

93
Q

Posterior muscles deepest thing abdominal wall?

A

Aponeurosis of transverslais muscle (corset)
Quadratics lumborum

94
Q

The psoas muscle combines with what muscle to form what muscle?

A

Iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle

95
Q

Quadratics lumborum action? (3)

A

Stabilises diaphragm
Flexes vertebral column
Extends lumbar vertebrae

96
Q

Iliopsoas muscle action

A

Hip flexor, rotation of hip joint

97
Q

Psoas minor muscle location relative to psoas major/ iliapsoas muscle?

A

Anterior to it but insertion is different. Major extends to inguinal ligament, but minor only to pecten pubis

98
Q

Psoas minor action

A

Minor Flexion of the lumbar spine

99
Q

Which sits more anteriorly, the aorta or the inferior vena cava?

A

The aorta
Think ‘a’ = anterior

100
Q

When does a hiatus hernia occur?

A

When the upper part of your stomach bulges through the diaphragm

101
Q

Foregut runs from what to what

A

Oesophagus to duodenum

102
Q

Midgut goes from what to what?

A

Duodenum to the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

(1/3 is the curvature)

103
Q

Hind gut extends from where to where

A

The distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to the anal canal

104
Q

What are the three major vessels that come off of the abdominal aorta anteriorly to supply the abdomen?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

C SI = sissy for being too scared to learn the arterial supply of the abdomen

105
Q

the organs with the same embryological origin share the same what

A

Arterial supply

106
Q

What level is the celiac trunk

A

T12

107
Q

What supplies the mid gut

A

Superior mesentery artery at L1

108
Q

What supplies the hindgut

A

Inferior mesentery artery at L3

109
Q

The celiac trunk arises from aorta at height of what hiatus

A

The aortic (T12)

110
Q

What are the first two branches of the (specifically!) abdominal aorta?

A

The inferior phrenic arteries (pair)
Celiac arteries

111
Q

Branches of the coeliac artery

A

Comhep Splegas

Common hepatic
Splenic
Left gastric

112
Q

Which artery (arising from the celiac branch) is the only one to supply the liver?

A

Common hepatic

Remember at level of t12 (caeliac)

113
Q

(Aorta) What’s directly inferior to the superior mesenteric branch , which is at l1

A

Pair of renal arteries

114
Q

How many superior mesenteric arteries are there?

A

Just one, not a pair

115
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries?

A

L4

116
Q

When do the common iliac veins become the inferior vena cava?

A

Anterior to the body of L5

117
Q

The IVC is left or right of the abdominal aorta?

A

Right

118
Q

What happens to the IVC when it reaches the liver?

A

Passes in a deep groove on the posterior surface of the liver, to pierce the diaphragm at the level of T8

119
Q

For patients at high risk for pulmonary embolisation, where can a vena caval filter be placed?

A

In IVC, inferior to the renal veins

120
Q

For patients at high risk for pulmonary embolisation, a vena caval filter can be placed (inferior to the renal veins. ) Why?

A

If patients have failed anticoagulation with heparin, or in whom heparin is contra-indicated

121
Q

Which kidney is higher?

A

Left, right lower due to liver

122
Q

The renal veins arise from where and which one is longer

A

Hills of kidneys
Left vein is three times longer

123
Q

Where does the left and right renal veins pass?

A

Left = over left renal artery, behind body of the pancreas

Right = behind descending duodenum

124
Q

Name 6 important veins of the abdominal region?

A

Common iliac vein
External iliac vein
IVC (obvs)
Renal veins
Testicular vein
Hepatic veins

125
Q

What vein passes beneath the inguinal ligament ?

A

Femoral vein

126
Q

Above the inguinal ligament, the femoral vein becomes what

A

The external iliac vein

127
Q

Renal veins join IVC at what level

A

L2

128
Q

IVC touches/follows what vertebrae in the abdomen?

A

L4-T12

129
Q

Which is more anterior, iliac artery or the iliac vein

A

Obvs the iliac artery

130
Q

Are there any veins that correspond to the Celiac trunk/mesenteric arteries?

A

No

131
Q

Where does the external iliac vein (used to be femoral) join the internal vein

A

At bifurcation of the aorta

132
Q

Veins that drain the abdomen either join the IVC or what

A

The hepatic portal vein

133
Q

Waste products from liver go where

A

Well basically bile carries away waste products from the liver, is stored and concentrated by the gallbladder and then that goes to the duodenum

134
Q

GI tract, spleen, pancreas and liver - are these supplied by veins that arise from the IVC?

A

No- hepatic portal vein, BEFORE being processed and detoxified through the liver and THEN to the IVC

135
Q

Where is the portal being formed?

A

Behind the pancreas

136
Q

What is the pancreas connected to

A

The duodenum

137
Q

What does the common bile duct connect

A

Liver via branch of common hepatic duct, gall bladder via branch of cystic duct, to the duodenum

138
Q

What does the pancreatic duct connect

A

The duodenum and the pancreas

139
Q

Are the pancreas and liver and gall bladder connected?

A

No
But all connect to the duodenum

140
Q

We know that the superior mesentery and the inferior mesentry veins and splenic join to become portal vein, where do they join

A

Behind head of the pancreas

141
Q

Portal vein (mesentry x2, and splenic vein) gotta go to liver, so what big thing do they go behind?

A

The duodenum

142
Q

The portal vein is anterior to the lesser what

A

The lesser omentum

143
Q

The common bile duct is right next to the portal vein

A

Yah

144
Q

The portal vein divides into how many branches as it enters the liver

A

Teo

145
Q

Iliac arteries arise when

A

L4

146
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into?

A

Splenic veins

147
Q

Portal system is special how

A

It’s valveless, responsible for all blood from abdominal viscera, apart from kidneys and adrenal glands.

Has to pass through hepatic sinusoids

148
Q

Foregut is what

A

Esophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, duodenum

149
Q

4 parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia- where esophagus is
Fundus- top part above cardia
Body- main
Pyloric- into the duodenum

150
Q

Artery of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic artery

151
Q

What duct is a continuation of the bile duct that attaches the gall bladder to what

A

The duodenum of the small intestine

152
Q

The pancreas is an accessory digestive gland that releases what

A

Exocrine = pancreatic juice
Endocrine = insulin and glucagon

153
Q

Where’s the transpyloric plane?

A

L1/L2

154
Q

Portal vein goes to liver, goes behind what organ

A

Neck of the pancreas

155
Q

If you get gall stones within the gall bladder, and the gall bladder is infected/inflamed, then what?

A

Cut off blood supply and remove gallbladder: If the pain is mild and infrequent, you may be prescribed painkillers to control further episodes and be given advice about eating a healthy diet to help control the pain.

If your symptoms are more severe and frequent, surgery to remove the gallbladder is usually recommended.

Also: ERCP can remove gallstones, whilst meds can also be given to dissolve them (tho not very effective and need to be given for up to 2 years)

156
Q

What is mesentery?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

157
Q

What’s located at the tail end of the pancreas

A

Tge splewn

158
Q

The pancreas is attached to what

A

The duodenum

159
Q

Where does the jejunum begin

A

Like just after the duodenum stops touching the head of the pancreas, so quite quickly really

160
Q

3 arteries of the GI tract

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

161
Q

Which branch of the celiac trunk supplies the stomach

A

Left gastric artery

162
Q

The midgut includes most of the duodenum and goes to what

A

The first 2/3 of the transverse colon

163
Q

Which is the most fixed part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

164
Q

Difference between jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum is deeper red in colour (remember this because it’s like deeper into the body)
And a few large loops/ arcades

165
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery for the midgut come out, what level?

A

L1

166
Q

If the superior mesenteric artery supplies the midgut, which is the later 2/3 of the duodenum until the transverse colon 2/3, that’s basically all the intestines. It must have branches: what are the two main ones?

A

Jejunal and ileal arteries

167
Q

Artery that supplied the appendix is called what

A

The appendicular artery

168
Q

What are omental appendices? (Of colon)

A

Small, fatty peritoneal like projections.
The raisins of the colon

169
Q

What’s the haustra/ sacculations of the colon?

A

Basically the bumps

170
Q

What’s the tensor coming of the colon? (Not small intestine)

A

Bands of smooth muscle that the bumps of haustra stick to… kinda like the ribbon it follows, ribbon through the middle

171
Q

The appendix has few lymphatic nodules

A

False
Loads

172
Q

McBurney’s point is where

A

Imagine line from ASIS to the umbilicus- go 2/3 up

173
Q

Where does the superior rectal artery branch off from

A

The inferior mesenteric artery from l3 level

174
Q

3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery of the Hindgut

A

Left colic, sigmoid arteries, and superior rectal artery

175
Q

Parasympathetic of abdominal organs =

A

Vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4)

176
Q

Does the portal vein collect from the renal arteries?

A

No of course not

177
Q

The portal vein divides into what

A

Splenchnic veins and I and s mesenteric veins
And gastric veins

178
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein joins what

A

The splenchnic vein

179
Q

4 sites of portal anastomoses made simple

A

Anotectal
Oesophageal (lower oesophagus)
Stomach
Umbilicus

180
Q

Vomiting blood could be what

A

Oesophageal varies in the portal anastomoses

181
Q

The lumbar nodes include what three groups?

A

1) pre-aortic eg coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes
2) lateral aortic - drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches
3) retro-aortic - drains the posterior abdominal wall

182
Q

What’s the greater and lesser omentum?

A

The peritoneal folds that attach the abdominal organs with one another

183
Q

Which omenta attach to the stomach?

A

Both the greater and lesser

184
Q

Greater Vs lease omentum attached to which part of the stomach?

A

Greater = greatest curvature of stomach.
Vice versa

185
Q

The femoral nerve travels down fibres of what muscle

A

Psoas major

186
Q

What two planes separate the abdomen into quadrants?

A

Transpyloric
Median plane

187
Q

Planes that divide abdomen into 9 quadrants?

A

2 x midclavicular
Subcostal (just below costal margin)
Intertubercular

188
Q

Name the 9 regions

A

In the middle: epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric
Hypochondriac , lumbar, iliac

189
Q

Is there any pancreas in the umbilical region of the 9 regions?

A

Yea

190
Q

Dermatome Vs vertebral level of the umbilicus?

A

T10 dermatome
L3/4 vertebral level

191
Q

Action of the e and i oblique muscles?

A

Support abdominal viscera.

For I, it’s support abdominal viscera located just inside the hipbones

192
Q

Deepest muscle layer of the anterior abdomen?

A

Transversus abdominis - like a corset. Fibres run horizontally apart from inferior ones which reach down to insert with linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pubis vis conjoined tendon

193
Q

What’s the linea alba

A

The linea alba is a thin band of connective tissue that runs down the front of your abdomen. It separates the left and right sides of your rectus abdominis.

194
Q

What’s only just deep to the rectus abdominis?

A

Rectus sheaf - aponeurosis of all those other anterolateral abdominal muscles

195
Q

The anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall are innervated by
Anterior rami if nerves T7-T11. Which muscles are also innervates by T12?

A

The two outermost ones- external oblique, and rectus abdominis

196
Q

The arcuate line shows where the aponeurosis of which muscle disappears?

A

Transversalis fascia

197
Q

Above arcuate line, aponeurosis of which muscles ant and post?

A

Ant = internal and external
Post = internal and transversus

198
Q

Above and below the umbilicus = lymphatic drainage goes where?

A

Axillary

Iliac

199
Q

The inguinal ligament is formed from the aponeurosis of which muscle?

A

Transversalis fascia

200
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?

A

External oblique

201
Q

Inguinal ligament originates at the asis and attached to

A

the pubic tubercle

202
Q

The inguinal canal is basically a passage/hole through what

A

The abdominal wall

203
Q

The inguinal canal is formed from folds of which aponeurosis?

A

External oblique

204
Q

Semen is made in the pelvic cavity. But sperm is in the scrotum (external). How do they mix?

A

Sperm moves up through spermatic cord, through inguinal canal, mixes with dementia from other glands, then finally out through urethra

205
Q

The deep inguinal ring is between which two layers

A

Transversus abdominis muscle and fascia transversalis

206
Q

Branches of superior mesentery artery?

A

Right colic
Middle colic
Jejuneal artery leading to ileal arteries (look like net)

207
Q

Portal vein is formed by the Union of which 2 major veins of the abdominal cavity?

A

Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein

208
Q

Foregut Vs midgut Vs Hindgut referring to what region?

A

Foregut = epigastric
Midgut = umbilical
Hindgut = suprapubic

209
Q

The lumbar plexus forms within which muscle?

A

Psoas major muscle

210
Q

What enters the Hilum of the kidney

A

Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter (which carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder).

211
Q

Anterior - posterior arrangement of Hilum to kidneys ?

A

Ureter inferior
Then the vein is inferior yet also anterior to the renal artery

212
Q

Describe the course of the ureters?

A

From kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Adhere closely to the parietal peritoneum and all run retroperitoneal.
They run anteriorly to the psoas major and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
They cross the external iliac artery just beyond the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.
Then run along the lateral wall of the pelvis to enter the urinary bladder.

213
Q

Surface anatomy of transpyloric plane and subcostal plane? (NB for the 9 regions, it’s the subcostal)

A

Transpyloric = T8/9
Subcostal = T10

214
Q

What surface level anatomy is the trans tubercular plane?

A

Kinda like mid iliac spine

215
Q

The ureter is constricted at 3 locations during its course from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Name these points and explain why it’s important to know clinically.

A

Location where kidney stones could lodge.
At junction of ureters and renal pelvis
At pelvic inlet
Entrance to bladder

YEAR 2 GI (7 decks)

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