WEEK 1: Alterations in the Integumentary System + Burns

Question 1

Functions of the Integumentary System

Answer 1

Question 2

Common Skin Disorders

Answer 2

o Skin Lesions: Include macules, papules, pustules, fissures, and scales.

o Configuration: Linear, clustered, or annular arrangements.

Question 3

Diagnostic Tests for Skin Disorders

Answer 3

o Culture: Identifies the presence of infectious organisms (i.e. fungi, bacteria, and viruses) on the skin (Collect via swab and send to the lab)

o Biopsy: Detects malignancies or structural changes and indicates deeper infections to establish an accurate diagnosis (ex., Incision of tissue, aspiration of tissue, punch biopsy).

o Wood’s Light Examination: This examination reveals fungal or bacterial infections by using UV rays to detect fluorescent markers/materials in the skin and hair (e.g., ringworm).

o Skin Testing: This method identifies allergens or sensitivities via patch and scratch tests. Then, the reaction is checked within 48-96 hrs (Scratch), removed in 2 days, and read within 2-5 days (Patch).

Question 4

Pressure Ulcers

Answer 4

Pathophysiology: Pressure against the skin leads to tissue anoxia and skin breakdown.

Risk Factors:
-Immobility, impaired circulation, sensory deficits.
-Age extremes (elderly or obese).

Question 5

How are pressure ulcers staged and managed?

Answer 5

Preventive Measures for Pressure Ulcers:
o Reposition every 2 hours and use lift sheets.
o Clean and dry skin daily and after incontinence.
o Moisturize and apply moisture barriers as needed.
o Use pressure-relieving devices (e.g., specialized mattresses).

Question 6

Dermatitis

Answer 6

Question 7

Psoriasis

Answer 7

Question 8

Herpes Simplex

Answer 8

Question 9

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Answer 9

Question 10

Fungal Infections

Answer 10

Question 11

Cellulitis

Answer 11

Question 12

Burns

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the types and classifications of burns?

Answer 13

Question 14

How is the Rule of Nines used in burn assessment?

Answer 14

*Rule of Nines: Quick method to estimate total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns.
o Head and neck: 9%
o Each arm: 9%
o Each leg: 18%
o Front of torso: 18%
o Back of torso: 18%
o Perineum: 1%

Question 15

What are the phases of burn care?

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the complications and interventions for burns?

Answer 16

Question 17

How does burn severity affect treatment and prognosis?

Answer 17

Factors:
o TBSA affected, depth of burn, age, comorbidities, inhalation injury.

• Prognostic indicators:
  o Mortality increases with larger TBSA, inhalation injury, and advanced age.
• Treatment:
  o Minor burns: Outpatient care with dressing changes.
  o Major burns: Hospitalization in burn units, multidisciplinary approach.