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Chem 1004 > Week 1 A > Flashcards

Week 1 A Flashcards

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1
Q

Carcinogenic vs teratogenic

A

causes cancer vs causing birth defects

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2
Q

Peripheral

A

at the extremities

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3
Q

Peristalsis

A

rythmic motion of GI system in digestion

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4
Q

Synergistic

A

working together to give super additive effects

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5
Q

Tachycardia vs Bradychardia

A

abnormally fast heart rate vs slow

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6
Q

Renal

A

pertaining to kidneys

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7
Q

Visceral

A

pertaining to internal organs

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8
Q

Febrile

A

feverish

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9
Q

Emetic

A

drug that induces vomiting

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10
Q

Antipyretic

A

drug that reduces fever

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11
Q

Analgesic

A

drug that reduces pain

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12
Q

Myo

A

muscle

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13
Q

Intra

A

within

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14
Q

Inter

A

between

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15
Q

Dys

A

painful,bad,difficult

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16
Q

emia

A

in or of the blood

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17
Q

itis

A

inflammation of

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18
Q

ectomy

A

incision or removal of a part

19
Q

algia

A

pain in a part –ie neuralgia (nerve pain)

20
Q

uria

A

in or of the urine

21
Q

Pharmacodymanics

A

: studies drug actions and effects

22
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

studies rates of change of drug concentrations in the body and includes rates of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug

23
Q

Drug dependence and Addiction stages

A

• Occasional use>frequent use>physiological dependence>compulsive use>overwhelming involvement:addiction

24
Q

Criteria for addiction

A
  • Upon termination of the drug’s use, the addict suffers through a withdrawal syndrome (abstinance syndrome)
  • This withdrawal crisis can be ended at any time with readministration of the drug
  • Physiological changes in the addict’s body require the drug for normal existence (cf. a diabetic requires insulin for normal existence)
  • Addicts develop a tolerance for the drug, so that ever-increasing doses are required to achieve the desired efffect
25
Q

3 types of drugs producing withdrawal syndrome

A
    1. Depressants : alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates
    1. Opiates: heroin, morphine, methadone
    1. Stimulants: cocaine, amphetamines,caffeine
26
Q

Measuring Drug Effectiveness

A
  • Clinical testing on animals, then diseased patients
  • Placebo effects
  • Side effect and overdose monitoring (use volunteers..often prison inmates who can shorten their term by doing this)
  • Physicians and Pharmaceutical Companies work together (samples given to MD’s by Drug company representatives)
27
Q

holistic medicine

A

considers emotional, spiritual & psychological factors

28
Q

herbal treatments

A

some unconventional bee venom, shark cartilege, echinacea –

29
Q

homeopathy

A

uses tiny doses (sometimes 0 concentration) of active constituent

30
Q

• Naturopathy

A

:techniques used to restore health rather than to treat a disease

31
Q

Bioelectromagnetic

A

uses magnets, electrical currents, copper bracelets etc

32
Q

• Body based

A

can be very useful chiropractic,acupuncture,massage

33
Q

• RECEPTOR SITE THEORY

A

drugs act at specific locations in tissues and organs

34
Q

Naloxone

A

used to treat heroin overdoses-binds to the opiate receptor more strongly than heroin –> heroin is the agonist and Naloxone is an antagonist

35
Q

• Morphine and codeine:

A

extracted from opium poppies

36
Q

• Digitalis

A

cardioactive steroid from foxglove plant

37
Q

• Insulin

A

promotes and regulates glucose metabolism:

38
Q

• Thyroxine

A

regulates overall growth and metabolism

39
Q

• Steroids

A

biosynthesized in humans from cholesterol :much more on these later!

40
Q

Drugs from gene splicing

A
  • For proteins only
  • Available via recombinant DNA technology
  • DNA makes RNA makes protein
  • Insulin, Human growth hormone (HGH), interferon
41
Q

• Synthesis by organic Chemists!!

A
  • Modifications of naturally occuring materials via synthesis: penicillins from mould, then modified structurally via synthesis
  • Taxol (anti-cancer drug) Precursor from pacific Yew tree, then modified by synthesis
42
Q

Structure-Activity relationships

A
  • Compounds with similar structures tend to show similar biological activity
  • Computer assisted modelling of active sites of enzymes: can lead to new drug candidates
43
Q

Alzheimers disease

A
  • Caused by plaque accumulation on brain

* Large scale human trials starting

44
Q

Why dosages are important

A

• All substances (even pure water) can be toxic ..even lethal–depending on the dose

Chem 1004 (15 decks)

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