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751 Health Assessment > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

primary strategy to prevent healthcare associated transmission of infectious agents

A

Standard precautions

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2
Q

THE SEVEN ATTRIBUTES OF A SYMPTOM

A 
Location
Quantity
Quality/severity
Timing
Alleviating factors
exacerbating factors
Associated manifestations
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3
Q

Examination order

A

Inspection
Palpation (light and deep)
Percussion
Auscultation

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4
Q

Adjust lighting

A

(tangential lighting or perpendicular)

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5
Q

Pertinent positive and negative symptoms dealing with the present illness belong in the

A

HPI, not the ROS.

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6
Q

P. 5, The history and physical Examination: Comprehensive or Focused
P. 6, Subjective vs. Objective data
P. 7-13, Components of the comprehensive health history
P. 25-28, Clinical Reasoning and Assessment
P. 65-66, Patient-centered interviews
P. 72-73, Empowering the patient
P. 79-80, The seven attributes of a symptom
P. 86-99, Interviewing the challenging patient

A

if time permits

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7
Q

Changes in weight: Rapid changes over a few days suggest

A

changes in fluid, not tissue

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8
Q

Weight gain: nutrition vs.

A

medical causes

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9
Q

Weight loss: medical vs.

A

psychosocial causes

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10
Q

Fever, chills, and night sweats

A

Ask about exposure to illness or any recent travel

Some medications may cause elevated temperature

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11
Q

Blood Pressure – Optimal Conditions

A

Avoid smoking or drinking caffeinated beverages 30 minutes prior to measurement

Ensure that the room is quiet and comfortably warm

Patient should be seated quietly in a chair with feet on the floor for at least 5 minutes

Patient’s arm should be FREE of clothing

Palpate the brachial artery

Position the arm so that the brachial artery is at heart level

Rest the arm on a table a little above the patient’s waist, or support the patient’s arm with your own at his mid-chest level

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12
Q

Blood Pressure – Cuff Size and Position

A

Width: 40% of upper arm circumference
Length: 80% of upper arm circumference

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13
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: Center the inflatable cuff over the

A

brachial artery with the lower border 2.5 cm above the antecubital crease

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14
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: Secure the cuff snugly, not tightly, and position the patient’s arm

A

so that it is slightly flexed at the elbow

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15
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: With the fingers of your opposite hand, palpate the

A

radial artery and inflate the cuff until the radial pulse disappears; add 30 mm Hg to this pressure

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16
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: With the fingers of your opposite hand, palpate the radial artery and inflate the cuff until the radial pulse disappears; add

A

30 mm Hg to this pressure

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17
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: Deflate the cuff promptly and completely and

A

wait 15-30 seconds

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18
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: Place the

__ of the stethoscope lightly over the brachial artery

A

bell

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19
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: The point at which you ___ is the systolic pressure

A

hear the first two consecutive beats

20
Q

Measurement of Blood Pressure: The ___ is the diastolic pressure

A

disappearance point

21
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

A silent interval that may be present between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures; i.e., the sound disappears for a while, then reappears

22
Q

Orthostatic blood pressure

A

Measure blood pressure and heart rate with the patient supine; wait 3 minutes, then have the patient stand up; now repeat the measurements

Normal: systolic BP drops slightly or remains unchanged; diastolic BP rises slightly

Orthostasis: systolic BP drops >20 mm Hg or diastolic BP drops >10 mm Hg

23
Q

If blood pressure is elevated:

A

Repeat blood pressure and verify in the contralateral arm

Try to relax the patient and retake BP later in the visit

24
Q

to measure the heart rate

A

find the radial pulse.

Use the pads of the index and middle fingers
If the rate seems normal (50–90 bpm) and the rhythm is regular, count the rate for 30 seconds and multiple by 2. If the rate is fast or slow and/or the rhythm is irregular, count for a full 60 seconds.

25
Q

normal Respiratory Rate

A

20

26
Q

Average oral temperature:

A

98.6

27
Q

Pain: Nociceptive or somatic

A

related to tissue damage

28
Q

Pain: Neuropathic

A

resulting from direct trauma to the peripheral or central nervous system

29
Q

Pain: Central sensitization

A

alteration of CNS processing of sensation, leading to amplification of pain signals

30
Q

Pain: Psychogenic

A

relates to factors that influence the patient’s report of pain
Psychiatric conditions, Social support systems
Personality and coping style, Cultural norms

31
Q

Pain: Idiopathic

A

no identifiable etiology

32
Q

Pain: acute vs chronic

A

less than 3 months, more than 3 months

33
Q 
P. 112-114, Common or concerning symptoms (weight change)
P. 115-118, Obesity (BMI)
P. 120-123, General Survey
P. 123-134, V/S, focusing on BP and HTN
P. 136, Type of pain
A

time permitting

34
Q

when describing a skin lesion, note these features

A 
size
type
shape/symmetry
color
surface feature (smooth, rough)
distribution over the body
35
Q

primary lesion

A

an area of tissue with impaired function due to damage by trauma or disease

36
Q

secondary lesion

A

a lesion arising as a consequence of any primary lesion

37
Q

types of primary lesions

A 
macule
patch
papule
nodule
plaque
vesicle
bulla
pustule
abscess
38
Q

types of secondary lesions

A 
scale
crust
ulcer
fissure
atrophy
lichenification
39
Q

erythema

A

redness due to increased blood flow

40
Q

purpura

A

red/purple color from blood leaking into the skin

41
Q

hemosiderin

A

brown color form hemoglobin breaking down

42
Q

bilirubin

A

yellow color from jaundice

43
Q

surface features of lesions: normal

A

lies below the surface of the skin

44
Q

surface features of lesions: break in epitheleal surface

A

exudate, crust, ulcer, fissure

45
Q

surface features of lesions: hyperkeratinosis

A

thickening due to keratin build up

46
Q

pedunculated lesions

A

attached to the skin by a narrow stalk

47
Q

Major function of skin

A 
keep the body in homeostasis
Provides boundaries for body fluid
Protects underlying tissues from microorganisms, harmful substances, and radiation
Modulates body temperature
Synthesizes vitamin D

751 Health Assessment (5 decks)

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