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751 Health Assessment > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Three layers

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

Carotene

A

yellow pigment

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3
Q

Vellus hair

A

short, fine, less pigmentation

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4
Q

Terminal hair

A

coarser, pigmented (scalp/eyebrows)

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5
Q

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

A

present all surfaces except palms/soles; produce a fatty substance secreted onto skin surface through hair follicles

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6
Q

SWEAT GLANDS

A

Eccrine glands and Apocrine glands

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7
Q

Eccrine glands

A

sweat glands. widely distributed, open directly onto skin surface, help control body temperature

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8
Q

Apocrine glands

A

sweat glands. found in axilla and groin, stimulated by emotional stress

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9
Q

Skin cancers are

A

most common cancers in the U.S.

Most prevalent on hands, neck, and head

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10
Q

types of skin cancers

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma

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11
Q

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA (BCC)

A

Comprises 80% of skin cancers

Shiny and translucent, they grow slowly and rarely metastasize

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12
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

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13
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: the most ___ type of skin cancer

A

common

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14
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: it is typically seen in

A

older adults

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15
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: has no known

A

precursor lesion

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16
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: Approximately 80% of BCCs occur on the

A

head and neck

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17
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: rarely

A

metastasize and grow slowly for years prior to developing a more rapid growth rate

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18
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: once the growth speeds up, they grow relentlessly and,

A

if left untreated, can cause extensive local destruction and disfigurement.

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19
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: typically begins as a

A

small, translucent or pink, pearly papule with small telangiectasias on the surface.

20
Q

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: over all description

A

Crusted, scaly, and ulcerated, they can metastasize

21
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma: possesses the potential to

A

metastasize, the risk of which depends on various factors.

22
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma: The most common first site of metastasis is the

A

regional lymph nodes

23
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma: prognosis

A

poor with 10-year survival rates of less than 20% for patients with advanced regional lymph node involvement.

24
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma: precursor lesion

A

a precursor “premalignant” lesion termed actinic keratosis (AK). AKs are extremely common in fair-skinned older Caucasian individuals who have had significant chronic sun exposure.

25
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma: actinic keratosis (AK)

A

occur as well-demarcated, scaly, rough patches or plaques on chronic sun-exposed skin surfaces. Their color can vary from skin-colored, erythematous, pink, or to brown, and they are often more easily palpated than seen.

26
Q

Melanoma overview

A

Comprises 4% of skin cancers

Rapidly increasing in frequency, they spread

> 6 mm

27
Q

HARMM: risk factors for melanoma

A 
History of previous melanoma
Age over 50
Regular dermatologist absent
Mole changing
Male gender
28
Q

ADITIONAL RISK FOR MELANOMA (besides HARMM)

A

≥50 common moles
≥1-4 atypical or unusual moles (especially if dysplastic)
Red or light hair
Solar lentigines, macular brown or tan spots (usually on sun exposed areas)
Heavy sun exposure (especially severe childhood sunburns)
Light eye or skin color (especially freckles/burns easily)
Family history of melanoma

29
Q

ABCDE:

A

Screening Moles for Possible Melanoma

A for asymmetry
B for irregular borders, especially ragged, notched, or blurred
C for variation or change in color, especially blue or black
D for diameter ≥6 mm or different from other moles, especially changing, itching, or bleeding
E for evolution or change in size, symptoms, or
morphology

30
Q

Red color of oxyhemoglobin best assessed at

A

fingertips, lips, and mucous membranes

In dark-skinned people, palms and soles

31
Q

For central cyanosis, look in

A

lips, oral mucosa, and tongue

32
Q

Look for jaundice in

A

sclera

33
Q

Mobility and turgor

A

Lift fold of skin

Note ease with which it lifts up (mobility) and speed with which it returns to place (turgor)

34
Q

things you look for when checking skin (categories)

A

Moisture
Temp
Texture
Mobility and turgor

35
Q

NAILS: Longitudinal bands of pigment may be

A

a normal finding in people with darker skin

36
Q

Onychomycosis is a

A

fungal infection of the nails that causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed

37
Q

Paronychia

A

a skin infection around the fingernails or toenails. It usually affects the skin at the base (cuticle) or up the sides of the nail

38
Q

primary vs secondary lesions

A

primary are flat, secondary have loss of the skin surface

39
Q

secondary lesions: Erosion:

A

loss of superficial epidermis, surface moist but does not bleed

40
Q

secondary lesions: Ulcer:

A

a deeper loss of epidermis and dermis, bleed and scar

41
Q

secondary lesions: Fissure:

A

a liner crack in the skin

42
Q

secondary lesions: Materials on the skin surface

A

Crust: the dried residue of serum, pus, or blood

Scale: a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

43
Q

Miscellaneous Lesions

A

Lichenification: Thickening and roughening of the skin

Atrophy: Thinning of the skin with loss of the normal skin furrows

44
Q

Pressure sores result when

A

sustained compression obliterates arteriolar and capillary blood flow to the skin

45
Q

Pressure sores: Assess these patients by carefully inspecting the skin that overlies the

A

sacrum, buttocks, greater trochanters, knees, and heels

46
Q

P. 182-183 Describing skin findings
Table 6-1 to Table 6-8 (p. 191-205)
Table 6-10 (p. 207-208): Focus on DM, SLE, Thyroid disease
Study skin lesions in Blackboard: Pityriasis rosea, Tinea Versicolor, Psoriasis, Atopic Eczema

A

time permitting (use conversation table)

47
Q

what are the 4 stages of pressure ulcers

A

.

751 Health Assessment (5 decks)

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