Week 1 Flashcards
What type microbes are cellular?
Bacteria
Archaea
Protists
Fungi
What microorganisms are acellular
Viruses (viroids, satellites, and prions)
What are the domains of life?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
What are ribozymes? Their function?
Enzymes made of RNA
Cellular work and replication
What is the Great Oxidation Event
Anaerobic conditions changed to aerobic most likely due to Cyanobacteria
What lead to the evolution of eukarya?
Endosymbiotic event between archaea and bacteria
What are extremophiles?
Microorganisms that live in “hostile” environments
What is syntrophy
Reliance on metabolic activity of other organisms
What is the aim of fixation in microscopy?
To preserve internal and external structures
What does heat fixation do? (microscopy)
Preserves morphology (not internal structure)
What microorganisms (domain) is heat fixation usually used for?
Bacteria and Archaea
What does chemical fixation do? (Microscopy)
Preserves fine cellular substrates and morphology
What description of microorganism is chemical fixation usually used for?
Longer and more delicate organisms
What charge do basic dyes have?
Positively charged (bind to negative molecules)
What charge do acidic dyes have?
Negative (bind to positive cell structures)
How to gram stain?
1) Crystal violet 1 min and rinse
2) grams iodine 1 min and rinse
3) alcohol 10-30 seconds and rinse
4) Safranin 30-60 seconds and rinse
5) blot dry
What colour do gram -ve stain?
Red
What colour do gram +ve stain?
Blue
How do Transmission Electron Microscopes work?
Electron gun
How do scanning electron microscopes work?
Excite electrons on surface to make 3D image
What must a eukaryotic cell have?
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
3 types of protists?
Protozoa
Slime molds
Water molds
What are Hyphae?
Threadlike structures or mushrooms that absorb its nutrients from the environment
Equation for mass
mr x moles
What are viroids made of? What do they affect?
RNA only
Plants
What do satellites need to replicate
To coinfect with a helper virus
