all Flashcards
What are superantigens?
Stimulate 30% of T-cells in immune cells
can lead to cytokines
What are endotoxins?
heat stable components of pathogen
take effect when pathogen lyses or divides
John Snow 1854
Cholera Outbreak london traced back to water source
What is a sporadic disease?
occurs occasionally at irregular intervals
What is an endemic disease?
relatively steady low level frequency
moderately regular intervals
what is a hyperendemic disease?
gradually increase in occurence frequency but not to epidemic levels
What is an outbreak?
sudden unexpected disease occurence
usually limited segment of population
What is an epidemic?
sudden frequency increase above expected numbers
What is an index case?
First case in an epidemic
What is a pandemic?
increase in occurence over large population and wide region
What are the types of vaccines?
Live attenuated
DNA/RNA
Inactivated whole cell
Subunit Vaccine
what causes spongiform encephalapothies?
Prions
What are viroids?
Non translated SSRNAs
lack protein
What are satellites?
subviral infectious agent
nucleic acid and protein
needs helper virus to replicate
Group I of baltimore classification?
dsDNA
Group II of baltimore classification?
ssDNA
Group III of baltimore classification?
dsRNA
Group IV of baltimore classification?
positive sense ssRNA
Group V of baltimore classifcation?
negative sense ssRNA
Group VI of baltimore classification?
positive sense ssRNA with DNA intermediate
Group VII of baltimore classifcation?
dsDNA with RNA intermediate
