week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a system in thermodynamic

A

system is a universe defined by a boundary

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2
Q

what is a boundary in thermodynamic

A

this can be an actual or imaginary limitation of an area

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3
Q

what is a control volume in thermodynamic

A

if a boundary is fixed, then it is controlled via ‘control volume’

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4
Q

what is a surrounding in thermodynamic

A

what is outside the actual system

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5
Q

what are the types of systems called (2)

A

open and closed systems

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6
Q

what is an open system?

A

one where mass many enter or leave the system (in this case at the same rate, not gathering more mass)

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7
Q

what is the difference between gas constant and universal gas constant

A

gas constant is depending on the substance

the universal gas constant depends on nature

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8
Q

what is the difference between gas constant and universal gas constant

A

gas constant is depending on the substance

the universal gas constant depends on nature (always constant)

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9
Q

what is molar mass

A

this is mass of a given chemical element or compound divided by the amount of substance

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10
Q

what is the equation for 1st law of thermodynamics (energy transfer into our out of system )

A

Q - W = (Change in) U

heat transfer - work done = change in internal energy

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11
Q

how many independent parameters of state does air have

A

2 independent parameters
pressure and volume or pressure and temperature
temperature and volume and so on…..
different combinations but only 2 can be used to describe the air

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12
Q

the equation to find the perfect gas

A

the equation of state:

pressure = desnity X gas constant X ABS temperature

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13
Q

what is the value and units of universal gas constant

A

8.3J /mol K

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14
Q

what is the gas constant of air

A

287 J/kg·K

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15
Q

what does the air contain?

A

21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen

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16
Q

what is the molar mass of air

A

28.97 g/mol

17
Q

what is entropy

A

measurement of disorder

measure of randomness or irreversibility of the system

18
Q

what does the first law show us

A

it shows us the energy balance equation:

Q - W = change in internal energy

19
Q

what does the second law show us (2)

A

entropy always increases or remains constant

thermal efficacy of any heat engine is always BELOW 100% (engine always produces heat)

20
Q

what does the second law show us (2)

A

entropy always increases or remains constant

thermal efficacy of any heat engine is always BELOW 100% (engine always produces heat)

21
Q

what does the third law show us

A

entropy is zero at zero temperature

22
Q

what does irreversibility mean, from the point of view of the behaviour of the system

A

entropy increases in irreversible processes

23
Q

how many processes does a cycle have

A

each cycle has 2 process as a minimum, mostly 4 but at least 2

24
Q

what thermodynamics processes are there (4)

A

adiabatic - no heat exchange
isobaric - pressure
isochoric - volume
isothermal - temperature

25
isothermal
where the system’s temperature is constant
26
isochoric
where the system’s volume is constant
27
isobaric
where the system’s pressure is constant
28
adiabatic
where no heat is exchanged by the system