Week 1 Flashcards
Marine biology
study of life in the sea- hypersaline environment
Taxonomy
how organisms are grouped based on shared/similar characteristics
systematics
key to identifying characteristics
order of taxonomy
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
higher taxonomy-
lower in the taxonomy-
- more conclusive
- more exclusive
Species
a group of interbreeding organism, reproductively isolated form others, that have potential to produce unique offspring
subduction zone
area where one crustal plate slides on top of the other. they always occur at the deepest part of the ocean.
trenches
6000 m
tonga trench
10,000 m
marianas trench
11,122 mt
trenches can be caused by
collision of two oceanic plates
shelf break
near shore or shelf zone
continental slope
there will be a continental rise (sediments accumulate over time) like long dead organisms. deeper you go the older you get. after the rise, things level out at abyssal plain. its not all smooth. there are rocks and canyons.
all of ur major oceanic bases (pacific, atlantic, indian, arctic, antarctic ocean) are
interconnected around antarctica. water moves from antarctic north.
why is water is the way it is
- small molecule. more reactive.
- polar. can stick to other molecules
- Covalent bond bw O and H. takes a lot of energy to separate.
high boiling point: 100 deg C
high freezing point: 0 deg C
CO2- boils at -80deg C. they are almost the same size, but diff properties.
large bodies of h20 moderate the climate of nearby land masses because
large bodies of water become heat sink, water becomes “resistant to change”
—> Poikilotherms/ectotherm
homeotherm/endotherm
(constant)
more ectotherms than homeotherms.
most important parts of salinity
sodium and chloride
Sechi disk
- clarity or turbidity
- sechi disk used to assess primary productivity which is conducted by photoautotrophs (phytoplankton) converting inorganic carbon (CO2) to sugar (C6H12O6) and O2
02 minimum layer
bc net oxygen level is 0. Oxygen minimum layer in subtropical regions due to higher respiration
-primary productivity is approximately equal to respiration.
Coriolis effect (force)
objects in motion are deflect due to earth’s rotation. bc of coriolis effect, surface currents move at a 45 angle from wind direction.
which oceanic base is larger?
north pacific.
upwelling
driving warm nutrient off shore. displaces water around and below it. cold water.
why is ocean blue?
0 primary productivity at 1000 m. light penetrance dependent on plankton biomass.
crypsis
blending coloration. seen in heteropods (transparent)
wave
transfer of wind energy to water. The energy moves through the water, but the water does not move.
rogue wave
- wave of unexplained origin
- maybe the result of wave amplification
tsunami
-not ‘tidal wave’
—> major undersea perturbation
—volcanic eruption earthquake “land slide”
spring tides
Earth, sun, and moon align
2 times a month
we get higher high tides and lower low tides
Neap tides
two times each month
tidal bore –>
current from tidal movement
semi diurnal
-2 highs 2 lows approx same height bc of continental shelf
diurnal
1 high tide one low tide in 24 hour period
mixed semidiurnal tides-
little or no continental shelf
red tides
-no lunar influence
- no“Topography influence”
—> Dramatic increase in the abundance of primary producers
zooplankton
(drifters)
-animal types
holoplankton
“full-time” drifters. They cant move unless current is taking them.
-copepods, sea jellies
meroplankton
“part time” drifters. Sometimes they use current to move.
—>may include a radical change in the body plan
—>usually the early life history stage(s)
-extreme modification in morphology
ex. sea urchins
plankton
- photoautotrophs
- photoheterotrophs
organisms that cant move
- phytoplankton (plank plankton)
- zooplankton (mostly primary consumers)
statocyst
balance orientation. fluid filled chamber. phylum ctenophora
torsion
twisting of visceral mass so that anus is close to mouth. class gastropoda
hemocoel
cavity where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixes
pentamorous
5 sided. radial symmetry. Phylum Echinodermata
autostyly
self amputation. phylum echinodermata.
evisceration
evident ejection of visceral mass. 7-10 days to generate visceral mass
chordate characteristics
- notochord
- post anal tail
- pharyngeal gill slits
- dorsal hollow nerve cord
bioluminescence
light production enzyme reactions
red tide or algal bloom
sudden increase in dino’s
symbiosis
organisms that live in close association. Right next to each other, on, or in.
mutualism
benefits both parties
commensalism
one benefits, the other is not affected by presence or absence.
parasitism
one benefits at the expense of another organism.
ecdysis
shedding old skin. phylum arthopoda.
mesenchymal cells
in phylum porifera. cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts and chondrocytes.
nematocyts
stinging cells. in phylum cnidaria.
heat sink
large bodies of water require a lot of energy to change temp. any environment or medium that absorbs heat
keystone predator
organism that regulates the community structure of the habitat
neotony
retention of the larval form. in phylum chordata
pneumatocyts
contains gas in seaweed
hadal zone
hadopelagic zone, deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches.
semalparity
one reproductive event then death. limits competition.
colloblasts
sticky cells in phylum ctenophora.
diatoms what acid?
diamoic acid
