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Marine Biology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Marine biology

A

study of life in the sea- hypersaline environment

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2
Q

Taxonomy

A

how organisms are grouped based on shared/similar characteristics

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3
Q

systematics

A

key to identifying characteristics

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4
Q

order of taxonomy

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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5
Q

higher taxonomy-

lower in the taxonomy-

A
  • more conclusive

- more exclusive

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6
Q

Species

A

a group of interbreeding organism, reproductively isolated form others, that have potential to produce unique offspring

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7
Q

subduction zone

A

area where one crustal plate slides on top of the other. they always occur at the deepest part of the ocean.

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8
Q

trenches

A

6000 m

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9
Q

tonga trench

A

10,000 m

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10
Q

marianas trench

A

11,122 mt

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11
Q

trenches can be caused by

A

collision of two oceanic plates

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12
Q

shelf break

A

near shore or shelf zone

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13
Q

continental slope

A

there will be a continental rise (sediments accumulate over time) like long dead organisms. deeper you go the older you get. after the rise, things level out at abyssal plain. its not all smooth. there are rocks and canyons.

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14
Q

all of ur major oceanic bases (pacific, atlantic, indian, arctic, antarctic ocean) are

A

interconnected around antarctica. water moves from antarctic north.

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15
Q

why is water is the way it is

A
  1. small molecule. more reactive.
  2. polar. can stick to other molecules
  3. Covalent bond bw O and H. takes a lot of energy to separate.
    high boiling point: 100 deg C
    high freezing point: 0 deg C
    CO2- boils at -80deg C. they are almost the same size, but diff properties.
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16
Q

large bodies of h20 moderate the climate of nearby land masses because

A

large bodies of water become heat sink, water becomes “resistant to change”
—> Poikilotherms/ectotherm

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17
Q

homeotherm/endotherm

A

(constant)

more ectotherms than homeotherms.

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18
Q

most important parts of salinity

A

sodium and chloride

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19
Q

Sechi disk

A
  • clarity or turbidity
  • sechi disk used to assess primary productivity which is conducted by photoautotrophs (phytoplankton) converting inorganic carbon (CO2) to sugar (C6H12O6) and O2
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20
Q

02 minimum layer

A

bc net oxygen level is 0. Oxygen minimum layer in subtropical regions due to higher respiration
-primary productivity is approximately equal to respiration.

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21
Q

Coriolis effect (force)

A

objects in motion are deflect due to earth’s rotation. bc of coriolis effect, surface currents move at a 45 angle from wind direction.

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22
Q

which oceanic base is larger?

A

north pacific.

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23
Q

upwelling

A

driving warm nutrient off shore. displaces water around and below it. cold water.

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24
Q

why is ocean blue?

A

0 primary productivity at 1000 m. light penetrance dependent on plankton biomass.

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25
Q

crypsis

A

blending coloration. seen in heteropods (transparent)

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26
Q

wave

A

transfer of wind energy to water. The energy moves through the water, but the water does not move.

27
Q

rogue wave

A
  • wave of unexplained origin

- maybe the result of wave amplification

28
Q

tsunami

A

-not ‘tidal wave’
—> major undersea perturbation
—volcanic eruption earthquake “land slide”

29
Q

spring tides

A

Earth, sun, and moon align
2 times a month
we get higher high tides and lower low tides

30
Q

Neap tides

A

two times each month

31
Q

tidal bore –>

A

current from tidal movement

32
Q

semi diurnal

A

-2 highs 2 lows approx same height bc of continental shelf

33
Q

diurnal

A

1 high tide one low tide in 24 hour period

34
Q

mixed semidiurnal tides-

A

little or no continental shelf

35
Q

red tides

A

-no lunar influence
- no“Topography influence”
—> Dramatic increase in the abundance of primary producers

36
Q

zooplankton

A

(drifters)

-animal types

37
Q

holoplankton

A

“full-time” drifters. They cant move unless current is taking them.
-copepods, sea jellies

38
Q

meroplankton

A

“part time” drifters. Sometimes they use current to move.
—>may include a radical change in the body plan
—>usually the early life history stage(s)
-extreme modification in morphology
ex. sea urchins

39
Q

plankton

  • photoautotrophs
  • photoheterotrophs
A

organisms that cant move

  • phytoplankton (plank plankton)
  • zooplankton (mostly primary consumers)
40
Q

statocyst

A

balance orientation. fluid filled chamber. phylum ctenophora

41
Q

torsion

A

twisting of visceral mass so that anus is close to mouth. class gastropoda

42
Q

hemocoel

A

cavity where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixes

43
Q

pentamorous

A

5 sided. radial symmetry. Phylum Echinodermata

44
Q

autostyly

A

self amputation. phylum echinodermata.

45
Q

evisceration

A

evident ejection of visceral mass. 7-10 days to generate visceral mass

46
Q

chordate characteristics

A
  1. notochord
  2. post anal tail
  3. pharyngeal gill slits
  4. dorsal hollow nerve cord
47
Q

bioluminescence

A

light production enzyme reactions

48
Q

red tide or algal bloom

A

sudden increase in dino’s

49
Q

symbiosis

A

organisms that live in close association. Right next to each other, on, or in.

50
Q

mutualism

A

benefits both parties

51
Q

commensalism

A

one benefits, the other is not affected by presence or absence.

52
Q

parasitism

A

one benefits at the expense of another organism.

53
Q

ecdysis

A

shedding old skin. phylum arthopoda.

54
Q

mesenchymal cells

A

in phylum porifera. cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts and chondrocytes.

55
Q

nematocyts

A

stinging cells. in phylum cnidaria.

56
Q

heat sink

A

large bodies of water require a lot of energy to change temp. any environment or medium that absorbs heat

57
Q

keystone predator

A

organism that regulates the community structure of the habitat

58
Q

neotony

A

retention of the larval form. in phylum chordata

59
Q

pneumatocyts

A

contains gas in seaweed

60
Q

hadal zone

A

hadopelagic zone, deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches.

61
Q

semalparity

A

one reproductive event then death. limits competition.

62
Q

colloblasts

A

sticky cells in phylum ctenophora.

63
Q

diatoms what acid?

A

diamoic acid

Marine Biology (3 decks)

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