Week 1 Flashcards
Describe evidence based medicine (EBM)?
EBM uses research as a basis for clinical decisions. It incorporates the doctors individual clinical expertise, the best external evidence as well as the patients values and expectations
Define the term disease
A disease will have a pathological origin
Define the term illness
Illness is what the patient is experiencing, or the symptoms they are presenting with
Define the term sickness
Sickness is constructed by society and relates to a patients ability to maintain their normal role within society
Define paternalistic care
Paternalism is where the doctor makes clinical decisions without collaboration or taking into account the patients concerns or expectation. It where ‘doctor knows best.’
What is the patient centred clinical interview?
This method of interviewing combines both the agenda of the doctor and the agenda of the patient and results in the doctor and patient reaching a mutual agreement on the treatment moving forward.
What are the 6 parts to the patient centred clinical method?
The 6 parts are:
- exploring the disease and illness
- understanding the patient as a whole
- finding common ground
- incorporating prevention and health promotion
- enhancing the doctor/patient relationship
- being realistic
What is a systematic review?
It is a research paper that reviews the research evidence on a particular question. It will identify, appraise and synthesise all the relevant research.
What is patient centred care?
It is care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs and values and ensuring that patients values guide all clinical decisions
What is the biomedical model of health?
It is based on the biological pathology of a disease. It is where the disease can be viewed independently from the person who is suffering from it and their social context
What is the psychological or stress model of health?
This model is about the patients view and if they perceive themselves as ‘sick.’ It also argues that most physical illness is a reaction to stress.
What is the social or functional model of health?
This is a social construct where ‘ill-health’ is based on functional capacity within society. e.g. if they are unable to maintain their role in society they are termed as ‘sick’
How does paternalistic care impact on clinical care?
Paternalism will disempower the patient and undermine their autonomy, it will foster distrust into the health care system and it will cause both the patient and doctor to miss out on the benefits of partnership
What are contextual errors?
This is where the the doctor overlooks the context of an individual patient that is essential to managing their problem. This stems from a failure to individualise care and treating the disease and not the patient
