Week 1 Flashcards
4 most common cancers in the uk
breast
prostate
lung
bowel
7 types of diabetes medication and where they work on
DPP-4 inhibitors Incretin mimics (GLP-1-RA) sulphonylurea metformin pioglitazones sglt-2 inhibitor alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
example of dpp-4 inhibitor
gliptins, e.g. stigagliptin
example of incretin mimic
exenatide
route of administration for exenatide
IM injection
example of sulphonylurea
glipizide, glicazide
example of glitazones
pioglitazones
example of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
acarbose
example of SGLT2 inhibitor
gliflozins, e.g. dapagliflozin
which diabetic drug has potential hypoglycaemia as side effect
sulphonylureas
incretin mimics
which diabetic drug has weight gain side effect
sulphonylurea
glitazones
which which diabetic drug has weight loss side effect
metformin
incretin mimics
sglt-2 inhibitors
which diabetic drug should be stopped in AKI and kidney failure?
metformin
which diabetic drug causes fluid retention?
glitazones
which diabetic drug causes flatulence
alpha glucosidase inhibitors
sites of actions of diabetic drugs (7)
incretin mimic on gut, pancreas
dpp-4 inhibitors on dpp-4, reduce incretin breakdown
sulphonylurea on beta islet cells
metformin on heptatocytes
pioglitazones on adipocytes
sglt-2 inhibitors on kidney
alpha-glucosidase on intestine transport proteins
symptoms of delirium
change in cognition/memory change on consciousness hallucinations mood disturbance sleep disturbance
causes of delirium
PINCH ME
pain infection nutrition constipation hydration
medication
environment
where are pressure sores common
heels sacrum shoulder back of head elbows
difference between urge and stress incontinence
stress incontinence causes leakage when intra-abdominal pressure is increased
urge incontinence is the sudden need to urinate without ability to hold.
what is overflow incontinence
when a patient leaks urine due to blockage in the outflow tract, causing retention as well
what are some medications that can cause urinary incontinence
ACEI
diuretics
anticholinergics
antiparkinsonism medication
2 types of faecal incontinence
urge incontinence and passive incontinence