Week 1

Question 1

What values are included on a CBC [complete blood count]?

Answer 1

• White cell count
• red cell count
• hemoglobin
• hematocrit
• MCV [mean corpuscule volume -average RBC size]
• MCHC [mean corpuscule hemoglobin concentration]
• RDW [red cell distribution width - mixture of RBCs
• Platelet Count
• [MPV - mean platelet volume]

Question 2

What values are included on a differential?

Answer 2

A differential gives the amounts of the different leukocytes as either percents or total number

• neutrophils
• lymphocytes
• monocytes
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 3

How do we calculate an absolute neutrophil or lymphocyte count?

Answer 3

total WBC X fraction of either neutrophils or lymphocytes

Question 4

Compare the use of bone marrow biopsy/aspiration vs. peripheral blood smear microscopy

Answer 4

Bone Marrow biopsy/aspiration

• looking at progenitor cells
• gather info about production of blood cells
• diagnose heme malignancies
• downside: invasive procedure; often painful; need sedation for pediatric patients and maybe some adults too

Peripheral blood smear microscopy

• looking at mature blood cells
• can indicate problems
• shape and size of cells may narrow the differential diagnosis
• non-invasive

Question 5

CD34

Answer 5

stem cell

Question 6

CD45/CD15

Answer 6

granulocyte

Question 7

CD45/CD14

Answer 7

monocyte

Question 8

CD45/CD3

Answer 8

T lymphocyte

Question 9

CD45/CD19

Answer 9

B lymphocyte

Question 10

CD45/CD61

Answer 10

thrombocyte

Question 11

stem cell

Answer 11

CD34

Question 12

granulocyte

Answer 12

CD45/CD15

Question 13

monocyte

Answer 13

CD45/CD14

Question 14

T lymphocyte

Answer 14

CD45/CD3

Question 15

B lymphocyte

Answer 15

CD45/CD19

Question 16

thrombocyte

Answer 16

CD45/CD61

Question 17

Name the central lymphoid organs and describe what occurs at these sites

Answer 17

o Bone Marrow [releases immature B lymphocytes; determine which B cells are good (won’t recognize self)]

o Thymus [releases mature naïve T lymphocytes; precursor of T cells are released from the bone marrow and go to the thymus; in the thymus make sure T cells won’t recognize self]

Question 18

Name the peripheral lymphoid organs and describes what happens at these sites

Answer 18

pathogens and cytokines come to these places to activate the adaptive immunity

o Lymph nodes

o Spleen

o Mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues

Question 19

CD4 vs. CD8

Answer 19

CD4+ cells = helper T lymphoctyes

CD8+ cells = cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 20

Name the three main CD4 cells, their main function, and major cytokine

Answer 20

Th1

• activates macrophages
• activates killer T cells
• interferon gamma

Th2

• activates B cells to produce antibody
• IL-4

Th17

• produces inflammation in tissues
• IL-17

Question 21

Describe Phase 1 of the immune response

Answer 21

Phase 1 of the immune response occurs first and rapidly and includes the non-induced innate/non-specific response: preformed defenses [skin barrier, pH, salivia, proteases]

Question 22

Describe Phase 2 of the immune response

Answer 22

Phase 2 of the immune response occurs begins around 4 hours post infection/injury and includes the induced innate/broadly specific response: phagocytosis, complement activation, other inflammatory mechanisme, cytokine secretion

Question 23

Describe Phase 3 of the immune response

Answer 23

Phase 3 of the immune response begins at about 96 hours post infection/injury and includes the induced adaptice/highly specific response: B cells [antibodies], helper T cells, cytolytic T cells