Week 1

Question 1

What do we understand anesthesia to be

Answer 1

• No memory**
• Loss of consciousness
• Loss of senses
• Immobility
• Abolition of reflexes

Question 2

Sympathectomy

Answer 2

Def

Website: the cutting of clamping off of the sympathetic nerve chain. Keeps signals from passing through it

Question 3

Modern history of Anesthesia

Name some individuals credited with discovery of inhaled anesthetics

Answer 3

Joseph Priestley- NO
Crawford Long- Ether
Horace Wells- NO
William Morton- Gaseous Ether 
James Simpson- Chloroform

Question 4

What assisted in their credit for discovering these anesthetics?

Answer 4

Documentation publishing, talking, etc

Question 5

Alice Magaw

Answer 5

Known as Mother of Anesthesia

• @ St Mary’s Clinic= later Mayo Clinic
• Specialty: Published her use of ether/chloroform with OPEN DROP TECHNIQUE
• No Complications
• Later Taught…MDs, etc

Question 6

Agatha Hodgins

Answer 6

• Began 1st NA program and Founded AANA (NANA 1931- AANA 1939)

Question 7

General Triad of Anesthesia

Answer 7

1. Analgesia
2. Hypnosis
3. Muscle Relaxation

TRIANGLE

Question 8

ED50 Dosing

Answer 8

Web: “median effective dose”= dose that produces quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it

-effective dose for 50% of people receiving drug

Question 9

ED95

Answer 9

Web: dose required for desired effect in 95% of population exposed to it

Ex. Non- depolarizing agents= median dose required to achieve 95% reduction in maximal twitch response from baseline, in 50% of the population

Question 10

Dyad of Regional Anesthesia

Answer 10

1. Analgesia
2. Muscle relaxation

TRIANGLE with both at bottom points

Ex. Spinal/ Epidural …conditions for no pain,movement (abolition somatic/ Autonomic reflexes etc.

Question 11

Local Anesthesia

Answer 11

-Anesthetic drug usu injected into tissue to numb specific location required for surgery

Question 12

Regional

Answer 12

Ex. Epidural, Spinal, and PNB (peripheral nerve block)

-provides numbness to much larger area

Question 13

MAC

Answer 13

• Monitored anesthetic Care (MAC)
• Use sedatives, other agents but dosage low enough that pt remains responsive
• Breathes w/o assistance
• Use: Simple procedures; minor surgery

Question 14

General Anesthesia

Answer 14

• Deep state of sleep= Pt loses consciousness and Sensation

- Usu requires assisted ventilation

Question 15

Combination techniques

Answer 15

-MAC/sedation and Local/regional anesthesia, Regional. And general etc.

***MAC= Billing term

Question 16

Anesthesia vs Sedation

Answer 16

• Minimal Sedation (Anxiolysis)
• Moderate Sedation (Consious Sedation)
• Deep Sedation (Analgesia)
• General Anesthesia

Question 17

Minimal Sedation

Answer 17

• Anxiolysis
• Pt reponds to normal verbal commands
• Cog function/Coordination may be impaired
• Vent/ Cardio functions= unaffected!

Question 18

Moderate Sedation

Answer 18

• Analgesia (Concious sedation)
• Pts respond purposefully to verbal cmds either alone or by light tactile stim
• No interventions needed to maintain patent airway
• Spontaneous vent adequate
• CV function usu maintained

Question 19

Deep Sedation

Answer 19

• Analgesia
• Not easily arroused
• Responds purposefully following repeated/ painful stim
• Independent ability to maintain vent function/ patent airway MAY BE IMPAIRED
• CV function maintained

Question 20

General Anesthesia

Answer 20

• Not arousable even by pain stim
• Independent vent function impaired
• Requires assistance maintaining Airway; PPV may be req
• CV function may be IMPAIRED