WEEK 1 Flashcards
biomedical vs. biopsychosocial model:
BIOMEDICAL: you encounter a pathogenic stimulus that causes a physiological change
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL: health and illness is due to multiple factors, including psychological + social aspects
breathing, digestion, and heart rate are regulated by:
ANS
what are the two parts of the ANS and how do they react during stress?
- the SYMPATHETIC branch is turned UP during stress
- the PARASYMPATHETIC branch is turned DOWN during stress
sympathetic aka:
- fight or flight
- activated by threat or challenge
- very fast brain–>body communication
- epinephrine and norepinephrine
parasympathetic aka:
- rest and digest
- mediates growth + energy storage
NE is associated with _____ stress.
higher
how do you measure ANS function?
- blood pressure/heart rate
- E and NE concentrations in urine & blood
the HPA axis releases ____ from adrenal glands
cortisol (glucocorticoids in animals)
what kind of stressors does the HPA axis deal with?
uncontrollability and threat
goal of stress response:
- mobilize energy to help muscles work (glycogen–>glucose)
- transport energy where it’s needed
allostatic load:
wear & tear resulting from chronic overactivity or under activity of stress systems
what is considered an adaptive stress response?
quick onset and then recovery
when is stress response considered maladaptive?
if it does NOT habituate over time
no stress response is called:
inadequate response *your system is not calibrated well
prolonged stress response occurs when:
you relive a stressor in your mind and don’t recover
how do immune systems get the memo to rush to the inflamed body part?
pro-inflammatory cytokines
CVD, cancer, diabetes, and depression can result from:
long-term inflammation
what are the three different stress assessments?
- EVENT BASED
- SUBJECTIVE
- BIOLOGICAL
pros + cons of event-based:
PRO: objective, observable, detailed
CON: checklists lack context and interviews are $$$
pros + cons of subjective:
PROS: taps into individual experience
CONS: can be colored by mood/personality
pros + cons of biological:
PROS: observable, objective
CONS: don’t always match up with self-report
cross-sectional and longitudinal are ______.
observational
predictor variable assessed at initial time point (before you get alzheimers), outcome assessed at later time point (after you get alzheimrs)
longitudinal study
_____ studies are hard to draw conclusions from because the predictor and outcome are assessed at the same time
cross-sectional
