WEEK 1

Question 1

biomedical vs. biopsychosocial model:

Answer 1

BIOMEDICAL: you encounter a pathogenic stimulus that causes a physiological change

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL: health and illness is due to multiple factors, including psychological + social aspects

Question 2

breathing, digestion, and heart rate are regulated by:

Answer 2

ANS

Question 3

what are the two parts of the ANS and how do they react during stress?

Answer 3

• the SYMPATHETIC branch is turned UP during stress

- the PARASYMPATHETIC branch is turned DOWN during stress

Question 4

sympathetic aka:

Answer 4

• fight or flight
• activated by threat or challenge
• very fast brain–>body communication
• epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 5

parasympathetic aka:

Answer 5

• rest and digest

- mediates growth + energy storage

Question 6

NE is associated with _____ stress.

Answer 6

higher

Question 7

how do you measure ANS function?

Answer 7

• blood pressure/heart rate

- E and NE concentrations in urine & blood

Question 8

the HPA axis releases ____ from adrenal glands

Answer 8

cortisol (glucocorticoids in animals)

Question 9

what kind of stressors does the HPA axis deal with?

Answer 9

uncontrollability and threat

Question 10

goal of stress response:

Answer 10

• mobilize energy to help muscles work (glycogen–>glucose)

- transport energy where it’s needed

Question 11

allostatic load:

Answer 11

wear & tear resulting from chronic overactivity or under activity of stress systems

Question 12

what is considered an adaptive stress response?

Answer 12

quick onset and then recovery

Question 13

when is stress response considered maladaptive?

Answer 13

if it does NOT habituate over time

Question 14

no stress response is called:

Answer 14

inadequate response *your system is not calibrated well

Question 15

prolonged stress response occurs when:

Answer 15

you relive a stressor in your mind and don’t recover

Question 16

how do immune systems get the memo to rush to the inflamed body part?

Answer 16

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 17

CVD, cancer, diabetes, and depression can result from:

Answer 17

long-term inflammation

Question 18

what are the three different stress assessments?

Answer 18

• EVENT BASED
• SUBJECTIVE
• BIOLOGICAL

Question 19

pros + cons of event-based:

Answer 19

PRO: objective, observable, detailed
CON: checklists lack context and interviews are $$$

Question 20

pros + cons of subjective:

Answer 20

PROS: taps into individual experience
CONS: can be colored by mood/personality

Question 21

pros + cons of biological:

Answer 21

PROS: observable, objective
CONS: don’t always match up with self-report

Question 22

cross-sectional and longitudinal are ______.

Answer 22

observational

Question 23

predictor variable assessed at initial time point (before you get alzheimers), outcome assessed at later time point (after you get alzheimrs)

Answer 23

longitudinal study

Question 24

_____ studies are hard to draw conclusions from because the predictor and outcome are assessed at the same time

Answer 24

cross-sectional

Question 25

X–>Y–>Z

Answer 25

X: psychosocial factor
Y: mechanistic pathway
Z: disease relevant factor