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Clin Phase 2 > Week 1-4 > Flashcards

Week 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles with MFTP mimic C8 radiculopathies?

A

LATs, Pecs, and serratus anterior

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2
Q

What muscles with MFTP can mimic C6 radiculopathy?

A

Scalenes, supraspinatus, subclavius, infraspinatus

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3
Q

What are the common causes of neck and arm symptoms?

A

Disc herniation, osteophytes, and stenosis

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4
Q

If there is no radicular symptoms, what are the top Ddxs for neck pain combined?

A

Facet syndrome, sprain, strain, disc derangement, fracture, joint dysfunction, muscle spasm

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5
Q

What are the traumatic ddxs for neck?

A

Sprain, strain, facet syndrome, fracture, disc derangement

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6
Q

What are the non-traumatic ddxs for neck pain?

A

Facet syndrome, disc derangement, sprain, strain, joint dysfunction, myospasm

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7
Q

How can the arm squeeze test help us diagnose when there is both neck and arm symptoms?

A

If the difference in pain score is greater than 3 in the ARM it indicates the lesion is compressing the NR

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8
Q

What are the indications for x-rays?

A

Trauma (with Ottawa rules), red flags for disease, significant SMR deficits, nerve damage, progressive muscle weakness

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9
Q

What are the red flags for disease?

A

Unexplained weight loss, change in appetite, fever, fatigue, maliase

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10
Q

What are the signs of cord involvement?

A

Hypereflexia, hypersensitivity, Changes in bowel or bladder habits, urinary incontinence, saddle parasthesia, changes in pain sensation

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11
Q

What are the indications for an MRI?

A

Progressive muscle weakness, cord involvement, neurological deficits, profound muscle weakness

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12
Q

How can you treat discs?

A

McKenzie and Neuro mobilization exercises

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13
Q

What are the symptoms for disc derangement?

A

Arm symptoms improve with repetitive or sustained end range movements, flexion sensitivity, positive valsalva, aggravated by compression, relieved by distraction

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14
Q

What is the common age range for disc herniations and derangement?

A

40-60

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15
Q

What is the difference between disc derangement and herniation?

A

If there is nerve damage, it is a herniation. If there is not, call it a derangement

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16
Q

What is the clinical prediction rule for facet syndrome?

A

Lack of a P-A glide (better specifity), tenderness on facet (better sensitivity), and recreating pain with extension and rotation (better sensitivity)

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17
Q

What are the cervical big 5?

A

ULTT, valsalva, compression, distraction, shoulder abduction

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18
Q

What creates tension on the NR?

A

ULTT, shoulder abduction, shoulder depression, any other TOS tests

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19
Q

What is the difference between AOM and OME?

A

AOM is frequently due to a bacterial infection and presents as SICK (fever, effusion, redness of tympanic membrane) and OME presents as sick (no fever, effusion, and retracted tympanic membrane).

20
Q

How do you determine viral and bacterial rhino sinusitis?

A

If symptoms last 10 days or longer, it is bacterial. Bacterial also has what is considered a double sickening around day 5.

21
Q

What is rhinosinusitus?

A

The common cold

22
Q

What are the treatment options for rhinosinusitus?

A

Nasal specific therapy, manipulation, saline irrigation, nasal specific therapy, intranasal corticosteroid sprays

23
Q

What muscles are common causes of TOS?

A

Pec, scalenes, and subclavius

24
Q

What are the types of TOS?

A

Neurogenic, vascular and nonspecific

25
Q

What ancillary studies are needed to diagnose a true neurogenic TOS?

A

EMG and nerve conduction study

26
Q

What are the two types of vascular TOS?

A

Arterial and venous

27
Q

How do you distinguish between the two types of vascular TOS?

A

Arterial- red, cold, splinter hemorrhages, decreased radial pulse, asymmetry of BP

Venous- edema, cyanosis, heaviness in the arm, distended veins

28
Q

What can cause TOS besides tight muscles?

A

Cervical ribs

29
Q

What are the TOS tests?

A

Roos, eden’s, hyperabduction, Tinel’s, Allen’s and Adson’s

30
Q

What are the treatment options for nonspecific TOS?

A

Stretch pec/ scalene, adjust, cupping, massage, at home work: corner stretches, scalene stretches, or tennis ball to knots

31
Q

What is the B list for causing arm and neck symptoms?

A

Structural instability, SOL, infection, NR adhesions, trauma to the NR directly

32
Q

What orthopedic tests distinguish between a sprain and a strain?

A

Muscle testing and PROM

33
Q

How are sprains and strains different?

A

Strains with have painful or weak muscle testing

Sprains will have painful or limited PROM in midrange

34
Q

How do you grade strains?

A

Grade 1 is pain with contraction
Grade 2 is weakness and pain with contraction, potential for bruising or a palpable defect
Grade 3 has no resistance to muscle testing, marked swelling/ bruising/ palpable defect

35
Q

How do you grade sprains?

A

Grade 1- pain only at end range, mild swelling, no gross instability
Grade 2- pain on stress of tissue before end range, generalized swelling, mild laxity, localized bruising
Grade 3- gross instability, generalized swelling, bruising, loss of ROM

36
Q

What are the Canadian-Nexus rules for x-rays?

A

Trauma + over 65
A dangerous mechanism of injury
Trauma + paresthesia in the extremities
Trauma + painful distracting injury elsewhere
Trauma + altered level of awareness or intoxication
Trauma + patients with known vertebral disease
Trauma + inability to rotate >45 total
Trauma + Midline cervical tenderness
Focal neurological deficit

37
Q

What is a dangerous mechanism of injury?

A

A fall from a height, an axial load, a high speed collision, or a motorcycle or bicycle accident

38
Q

What are known vertebral diseases?

A

Diseases that increase risk of fracture or predispose to instability: fusions, stenosis, RA, AS, down’s, marfan’s, klippel- feil

39
Q

What is Rust’s sign?

A

Patient feels like they have to always support their neck, especially in transition movements

40
Q

What is a Davis series?

A

A complete 7 view study of the neck (AP, APOM, Lateral, Obliques, and Flex-Ext

41
Q

What is the nerve family for biceps reflex?

A

C5 and C6

42
Q

What is the nerve family for brachioradialis reflex?

A

C6 and C5

43
Q

What is the nerve family for Triceps reflex?

A

C7 and C8

44
Q

What is the nerve family for patellar reflex?

A

L4 and L3

45
Q

What is the nerve family for medial hamstring reflex?

A

L5 and S1

46
Q

What is the nerve family for Achilles reflex?

A

S1 and S2

Clin Phase 2 (3 decks)

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