Week 1

Question 1

Occipitalization is a condition affecting what area?

Answer 1

Non-segmentation of C0-C1

Question 2

Basilar Impression is associated w/ what condition?

Answer 2

Occipitalization

Question 3

Does Occipitalization exist in isolation or w/ other conditions?

Answer 3

Both

Question 4

What is basilar impression?

Answer 4

Dens intruding into the foramen magnum compressing the brain stem

Question 5

When do we order an MRI if there is a possible basilar impression?

Answer 5

When the patient has neuro symptoms

Question 6

Is adjusting contraindicated for patients w/ Occipitalization?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Where is there lack of space at in patients w/ Occipitalization?

Answer 7

Above the posterior arch

Question 8

Occipital Vertebrae is a projection where?

Answer 8

Between C0/C1

Question 9

Where is the third condyle?

Answer 9

Front of the foramen magnum to anterior tubercle

Question 10

What film can we see a third condyle on?

Answer 10

Lateral film only

Question 11

Where is the epitransverse process?

Answer 11

Off of TP of C1 and articulates w/ C0

Question 12

What film can we see the epitransverse process on?

Answer 12

APOM

Question 13

What movement does the epitransverse process limit?

Answer 13

Lat flexion to the side

Question 14

Is an epitransverse process congenital or non-congenital?

Answer 14

Congenital

Question 15

Where does the paracondylar process come off of?

Answer 15

C0 next to condyle to TP of C1

Question 16

Where does the paramastoid process com off of?

Answer 16

Adjacent to mastoid to TP of C1

Question 17

What film views do we need to see paracondylar and paramastoid processes?

Answer 17

APOM

Question 18

What is primary basilar impression/invagination?

Answer 18

Congenital

Question 19

What is secondary basilar impression/invagination?

Answer 19

Bone softening diseases

Question 20

McgGregors Line?

Answer 20

Post hard palate to the base of C0

Question 21

What determines Occipitalization w/ McGregors line?

Answer 21

> 8-10 mm above the line

Question 22

What determines basilar invagination w/ McGregors line?

Answer 22

If the dens is > 4.5 mm

Question 23

Chamberlin Lines?

Answer 23

Post aspect of foramen magnum to the post hard palate

Question 24

What determines basilar invagination w/ chamberlin lines?

Answer 24

If the dens is > 3 mm above the line

Question 25

What is Arnold -Chiari Malformation?

Answer 25

Downward displacement and elongation of the brainstem and cerebellar tonsils.

Question 26

What are some symptoms of Arnold-Chiari Malformation?

Answer 26

Mild HA, neck pain, stridor, apnea, nystagmus, and cranial nerve palsies

Question 27

What is stridor?

Answer 27

A high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree

Question 28

What are some associated skeletal anomalies w/ Arnold-Chiari Malformation?

Answer 28

Occipitalization, platybasia, basilar impression, Cx block vertebra, and cervical ribs

Question 29

What is platybasia?

Answer 29

A spinal disease of a malformed relationship b/t the occipital bone and cervical spine

Question 30

What measurement is considered normal for Arnold-Chiari Malformation?

Answer 30

Anything less than 3mm. Anything greater is BAD

Question 31

What is wrong way scoliosis?

Answer 31

Left convex scoliosis in Tx spine

Question 32

What is the significance of wrong way scoliosis?

Answer 32

Syringomyelia, AC malformation, and a neuro exam

Question 33

What is syringomyelia?

Answer 33

Spinal cord cavity (syrinx)

Question 34

What is the etiology of syringomyelia?

Answer 34

Pressure, tumor, congenital, AC malformation