Week 1 Flashcards
Occipitalization is a condition affecting what area?
Non-segmentation of C0-C1
Basilar Impression is associated w/ what condition?
Occipitalization
Does Occipitalization exist in isolation or w/ other conditions?
Both
What is basilar impression?
Dens intruding into the foramen magnum compressing the brain stem
When do we order an MRI if there is a possible basilar impression?
When the patient has neuro symptoms
Is adjusting contraindicated for patients w/ Occipitalization?
Yes
Where is there lack of space at in patients w/ Occipitalization?
Above the posterior arch
Occipital Vertebrae is a projection where?
Between C0/C1
Where is the third condyle?
Front of the foramen magnum to anterior tubercle
What film can we see a third condyle on?
Lateral film only
Where is the epitransverse process?
Off of TP of C1 and articulates w/ C0
What film can we see the epitransverse process on?
APOM
What movement does the epitransverse process limit?
Lat flexion to the side
Is an epitransverse process congenital or non-congenital?
Congenital
Where does the paracondylar process come off of?
C0 next to condyle to TP of C1
Where does the paramastoid process com off of?
Adjacent to mastoid to TP of C1
What film views do we need to see paracondylar and paramastoid processes?
APOM
What is primary basilar impression/invagination?
Congenital
What is secondary basilar impression/invagination?
Bone softening diseases
McgGregors Line?
Post hard palate to the base of C0
What determines Occipitalization w/ McGregors line?
> 8-10 mm above the line
What determines basilar invagination w/ McGregors line?
If the dens is > 4.5 mm
Chamberlin Lines?
Post aspect of foramen magnum to the post hard palate
What determines basilar invagination w/ chamberlin lines?
If the dens is > 3 mm above the line
What is Arnold -Chiari Malformation?
Downward displacement and elongation of the brainstem and cerebellar tonsils.
What are some symptoms of Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
Mild HA, neck pain, stridor, apnea, nystagmus, and cranial nerve palsies
What is stridor?
A high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree
What are some associated skeletal anomalies w/ Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
Occipitalization, platybasia, basilar impression, Cx block vertebra, and cervical ribs
What is platybasia?
A spinal disease of a malformed relationship b/t the occipital bone and cervical spine
What measurement is considered normal for Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
Anything less than 3mm. Anything greater is BAD
What is wrong way scoliosis?
Left convex scoliosis in Tx spine
What is the significance of wrong way scoliosis?
Syringomyelia, AC malformation, and a neuro exam
What is syringomyelia?
Spinal cord cavity (syrinx)
What is the etiology of syringomyelia?
Pressure, tumor, congenital, AC malformation
