Week 1 & 2 IV infusion therapy Flashcards
What are the 5 reasons people need IV infusion?
- can’t drink/eat - NPO
- cuz they’re N &V - replace fluid
- Diabetes insipidus - peeing it out like a B
- Blood loss - hypovolemic
- losing it through skin- burns- insensible losses
What does Maitenence fluid therapy do?
give water or electrolytes that would normally be taken in but can’t/aren’t
What does replacement fluid therapy do?
replace losses due to hypernatremia and add K+
Who is hypotonic fluid for and why?
- dry mucous membranes (dry cells)
- Hypertension
b/c it causes fluid to move out of the Vascular system and into the cells. Lowers BP and hydrates cells
who is hypertonic fluids for and why?
- low BP
- Edema
b/c it draws water out of intracellular and interstitial space into the vascular system
Who is isotonic solutions for?
- hypovolemia
- replace fluids in vascular system
What IV fluid do we NOT give to infants or people with any head injury and why?
D5W (Dextrose in water)
can cause cerebral edema because the sugars get broken down in the body and then it becomes hypotonic. Fluid will be drawn out of the vascular system and into the interstital/intracellular spaces
what are the 3 isotonic fluids?
- 0.9% NaCl normal saline (NS)
- LR (Lactated ringer)
- D5W 5% (dextrose in water)
What are 2 hypertonic solutions
- D5NS, D51/2NS (dextrose 5% in NS or 1/2NS)
- D5LR, 3% or 5% sodium chloride (Dextrose 5% in Lactated ringer - can be 3% or 5% NaCl
what are 2 hypotonic solutions
- 0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS)
- 0.33% NaCl (1/3 normal saline)
Which isotonic solutions do not provide fluid shift and which do?
no shift: 0.9 NS, LR
yes shift: DSW
what are the 3 things that Isotonic 0.9% NS and LR do in the body?
- fill up vascular system (BP)
- Replace fluid loss
- replace electrolytes
what 1 thing does isotonic D5W do in the body?
- Shifts fluid into cells and hydrates them
What are the 5 indications of isotonic 0.9% NS and why?
- shock - hypovolemia
- Resuscitation - BP/hypovolemia
- blood transfusions
- Hyponatremia - because they contain 0.9% NaCl/100mL or 9g in 1L
- DKA - restore blood volume and sodium initially
What are the 5 indications of LR (more similar to blood plasma & less NaCl)
- Dehydration -
- Burns-
- GI tract fluid losses
- acute blood loss
- Hypovolemia
What are the 4 indications for isotonic D5W? (becomes hypotonic in body)
- Fluid loss
- Dehydration
- Hypernatremia- to much sodium in blood stream
- Hyperkalemia- too much potassium in blood stream
What 1 thing does 1/2 NS and 1/3 NS do in the body?
shifts fluids into cells and hydrates them
what are the 4 indications for 1/2 NS or 1/3 NS ?
- Hypertonic fluid imbalance
- Improve renal function
- Fluid loss - replace
- Cellular dehydration
What are the 7 indications of D5LR (Dextrose 5 %, lactated ringer)
- electrolyte replacement
- Dehydration
- Burns
- GI tract fluid loses
- Acute blood loss
- Hypovolemia
- Nutrition (calories b/c sugar)
what are the 3 indications for D5 0.9NS (Dextrose 5% in 0.9% NaCl normal saline) ?
- Fluid loss
- Hyponatremia
- Nutrition (calories)
What are the 3 indications for D5 0.45NS (Dextrose 5%, half NaCl normal saline) and their risks?
- Post-op
- Nutrition (calories)
- Rehydration - = fluid overload, pulmonary edema,
what is one risk that is different for D5LR from D5.9NS and D5.45NS and why?
hyperkalemia b/c lactated ringer has potassium in it
What can D5LR replace that D5.9NS and D5.45NS can’t?
electrolytes