Week 1/2, Introduction

Question 1

Egg V.S. Jenner

Answer 1

Value in the attention economy

Likes do not represent the true worth of something

Chaos Muppets

Rejection of curated and commodified “viral” content, which Jenner exemplifies

Egg represents older form of virality and intervenes in process of content creation.

Question 2

Defining Pop Culture: Mass Culture

Answer 2

Entertainment produced by commercial media; reaches large, diverse, and geographically dispersed audiences.

What masses CONSUME.

Question 3

Defining Pop Culture: Folk Culture

Answer 3

What ‘the people’ make or do for themselves; the culture of ‘the people’.

What the people PRODUCE.

Question 4

Mass Culture

Answer 4

Produced for an unknown, disparate audience.

Relies on electronic media to convey its message to the largest audience possible.

Interested in securing maximum profit.

Question 5

Folk Culture

Answer 5

Cultural products and practices that develop over time with particular group.

Passed down from generation to generation to people who know each other.

Technologically simple.

Question 6

How does mass culture threaten folk culture?

Answer 6

Mass culture can commodify folk culture.

Example: Jazz music used to be about black resistance. Now that it has been commodified has it lost its purpose or reason?

Question 7

The form that pop culture takes depends on

Answer 7

the society that produces it.

Question 8

Aspects of Pre-Industrial Society

Answer 8

Prior to invention of machines and tools to produce goods en masse.

Focused on Europe.

Agricultural based society.

Question 9

Aspects of Industrial Revolution

Answer 9

1750-1850

Invention of mechanization –changing modes of production.

Emerging Middle Class.

Changing ideas about leisure and recreation.

Question 10

Parochial

Answer 10

Decisions for community are based on the local community.

Question 11

Before the industrial revolution recreation was tied to the

Answer 11

agricultural calendar.

Question 12

Fordism

Answer 12

Assembly line production of goods.

Question 13

Mechanization

Answer 13

A form of social organization that prioritizes discipline, uniformity, and atomization.

Individuals over community.

Society as a machine –efficiency.

Question 14

Cash Nexus

Answer 14

Money and profit rises in importance.

Shift in priorities from community to money.

Question 15

Urbanization

Answer 15

Need to develop industrial infrastructure and cities around the factories. Poor planning in development around factories.

Common land taken over for factories.

Working conditions and living conditions are very poor and promote disease.

Question 16

Working Class

Answer 16

Physical labour, paid daily or weekly wages.

Question 17

Middle Class

Answer 17

“Clean work”, paid monthly or annual wages.

Eg. business men, shop owners.

Question 18

Upper Class

Answer 18

No work, inherited money.

Question 19

Matthew Arnold Culture

Answer 19

Middle Class

Good values

The best that has been thought and said in the world

Question 20

Matthew Arnold Anarchy

Answer 20

Working Class

Corrosive to good values

Decline in social and cultural authority

Question 21

Enclosure Acts

Answer 21

The privatization of “common” land that had been under collective control.

Question 22

Popular Recreation

Answer 22

• Lower class
• Seasonal
• Few rules
• Participation
• Violence/force
• Local groups
• Homemade equipment if any

Question 23

Rational Recreation

Answer 23

• Middle class
• Regular/scheduled participation
• Rules
• Spectator based
• Refined skill, not force
• Regional/national (can afford travel
• Sophisticated equipment

Question 24

Rational recreation was about

Answer 24

learning etiquette and following rules. There were “valuable lessons” to be learned about living in an orderly way and adhering to authority.

Question 25

The middle class wanted to teach the working class how to be better, how did the working class resist this?

Answer 25

The working class resisted the hegemony of the middle class’s recreation by taking their money but appropriating their activities.

Question 26

Pre-industrial times may seem rosey and nostalgic but

Answer 26

still had restrictions and problems.

Question 27

Industrialization changed

Answer 27

recreation and politics.

Question 28

Class describes ____ to ___ __ _____ and shapes _______.

Answer 28

Class describes relationship to mode of production and shapes identity.