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PARA LEC PRELIM > Week 1 & 2: INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

Week 1 & 2: INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

What is definitive host?

A

It is type of host which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs

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2
Q

Two types of parasites accdg to clinical significance

A
  • diagnostic stage
  • infective stage
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3
Q

Parasitic stage of development that is seen in clinical samples when examined in the laboratory

A

Diagnostic stage

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4
Q

Parasitic stage of development that is infectious or able to cause disease to the host upon exposure

A

Infective stage

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5
Q

period between
infection and evidence of
infection and specimen
becomes positive in
presence of parasite.

A

Biologic incubation
period / Pre-patent
period

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6
Q

period between
infection and prevalence
of symptoms.

A

linical incubation
period -

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7
Q

the parasite is only seen on
the surface of this organism and there will be no development on the
parasite.

A

MECHANICAL
/PHORETIC
VECTOR

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8
Q

Example of mechanical vector

A

cockroaches, house flies

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9
Q

the parasite is seen inside the
body of this organism and the parasite
needs this organism for its development

A

Biological vector

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10
Q

Examples of biological vector

A

mosquitoes, tsetse flies

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11
Q

Example of eradication

A

Guinea worm

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12
Q

2 types of incubation period

A
  • biologic incubation
  • clinical incubation
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13
Q

Parasites live in the surface of the skin

A

infestation

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14
Q

Parasite lives inside the human body

A

infection

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15
Q

when an individual harboring a parasite is
reinfected with the same species leading
to massive infection of the parasite

A

Superinfection/Hyperinfection

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16
Q

when the infected person is his own direct source of re-exposure.

A

Autoinfection/Autoreinfection

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17
Q

when two different parasite
enters the human body

A

Coinfection

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18
Q

type of incubation that would give positive result

A

Biologic incubation

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19
Q

type of incubation that would give negative result

A

Clinical incubation

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20
Q

Example of superinfection

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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21
Q

Example of autoinfection

A

Enterobius vernicularis

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22
Q

found in an organ
which it is not its usual habitat

A

Erratic parasites

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23
Q

need a host for
complete development such as Taenia

A

Obligate parasites

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24
Q

Infestation

A

Ectoparasites

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25
Q

Infection

A

Endoparasites

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26
Q

Examples of ectoparasites

A

ticks, lice, flies

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27
Q

Examples of endoparasites

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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28
Q

Depend entirely upon
their host for existence

A

OBLIGATE PARASITE

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29
Q

exist in a free-living
state or may become
parasitic when the need
arises

A

FACULTATIVE
PARASITE

30
Q

establishes itself in a
host where it does not
Originally live

A

Incidental parasites

31
Q

Female parasite capable
of reproducing eggs
without being fertilized by
male parasite and whose
eggs contain larva that
immediately hatches.

A

PARTHENOGENETIC
PARASITE

32
Q

Example of facultative parasite

A

acanthamoeba

33
Q

Example of Incidental parasites

A

Dipylidium caninum

34
Q

Example of Parthenogenetic parasite

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

35
Q

Passes digestive tract of humans
without infecting them.

A

Spurious/Coprozoic

36
Q

Example of coprozoic

A

commensal amoeba

37
Q

Parasite multiply in fecal matter
outside the human body

A

coprophilic

38
Q

example of coprophilic

A

ciliates

39
Q

Example of hematozoic

A

Plasmodia

40
Q

Live inside the red blood cells

A

hematozoic

41
Q

Live inside the cells or tissues.

A

Cytozoic

42
Q

Example of cytozoic

A

Leishmania

43
Q

Live in body cavities

A

Coelzoic

44
Q

Live in the intestine

A

Enterozoic

45
Q

Examples of enterozoic

A

Ascaris

46
Q

Example of coelzoic

A

Trichomonas tenax

47
Q

Remains on the host on
almost their entire life

A

Permanent

48
Q

Example of permanent parasites

A

Taenia solium

49
Q

Lives in human for a short
period of time

A

Temporary

50
Q

Example of temporary parasites

A

Plasmodia

51
Q

Visit host to obtain nutrients

A

Intermittent

52
Q

Example of intermittent parasites

A

Mosquitoes

53
Q

living together; the
association of two living
organisms

A

Symbiosis

54
Q

association of two different
species of organisms that is
beneficial to one and neutral
to other.

A

commensalism

55
Q

association of two different
species of organisms that is
beneficial to both

A

mutualism

56
Q

association of two different
species of organisms that is
beneficial to one at the
other’s expense.

A

parasitism

57
Q

example of ingestion of contaminated food and water

A

-Ascaris
- taenia
- cyst of entamoeba histolytica

58
Q

example of hand - mouth transfer

A

eggs of ascaris lumbricoides

59
Q

Example of insect bites

A

Plasmodia

60
Q

EXAMPLE OF ENTRY VIA DRILLING THROUGH THE SKIN OR SKIN PENETRATION

A

Hookworm

61
Q

Example of Unprotected sexual relation

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

62
Q

Example of mouth to mouth contact

A

Trichomonas tenax

63
Q

Example of eating raw

A

E.ilocanum ( snails )
- C.philippinensis ( fish )
- D.latum ( fish )
- T.saginata ( beef )
- T.solium ( pork )

64
Q

Example of domestc animals

A

Dipylidium caninum

65
Q

Life cycle under this are
monoxenous

A

Direct life cycle

66
Q

Example of direct (life cycle)

A
  • ascaris
  • hookworm
67
Q

These are heteroxenous
and requires more than 1 host

A

Indirect life cycle

68
Q

host that harbors parasites
that do not develop further
into its final stage; no
continuation of life cycle

A

Paratenic host

69
Q

host in which the larval
asexual phase of parasite
development occurs

A

Intermediate host

70
Q

Permanent reduction to
zero of the worldwide incidence of
infection

A

Eradication

PARA LEC PRELIM (3 decks)

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