WEEK 1-2 [FOUNDATIONAL KNOWLEDGE] Flashcards
compare the mandible to the maxilla
maxilla
* two symmertrical maxilla form upper jaw
* occupies middle third of facial skeleton
mandible
* largest + strongest facial bone
* forms lower jaw - occupies lower third of facial skeleton
* ramus of mandible [posterior end of body] –> meets body of mandible at –> angle of mandible
describe FDI and palmers notation
fdi
* most common to australia
* identifies quadrants starting from upper right to lower right –> then identifies teeth starting from the midline of each arch
[[1-8 in permanent dentition // 1-5 in primary]]
[[quadrants 1-4 in permanent // 5-8 in primary]]
palmers
* uses an angular symbol to designate quadrant
* ids permanent teeth 1-8 // primary teeth A-E
desribe the soft tissue anatomy of the mouth
- lips
* made of muscle + CT - covered internally by mucuous membrane/externally by skin - oral vestibule
* space between lips and cheeks/alveolar
* mucosa in this area = trough/ sulcus - can have frenum - labial + buccal mucosa
* epithelium + CT
* lines the inside of mouth [pink-red, firm and moist] - gingival tissue
* subdivided on location in mouth
* in order top to bottom =
- alveolar mucosa
- mucogingival junction
- attached gingiva
- marginal / free gingiva
- interdental gingiva / papilla
- sulcus - palate
* hard + soft palate = roof of mouth
* incisive papilla posterior to max cent incis then palatine rugae [ridges of tissue]
* midline of tx on hard palate = median palatnine raphe - uvulva
* midline muscular structure - aids in phonation - tongue
* muscle = swallowing, eating, speech, taste
* papilla [taste buds] aids in these funcs - floor of mouth [FOM]
* tongue attached via frenum
* salivary ducts [submand + subling] open into mouth on FOM
define curve of spee + curve of wilson
curve of spee
- back to front curve
- curve of buccal cusps tips of posterior teeth from an ant–>post direction
curve of wilson
- left to right curve
- curve of posterior teeth [uvulva POV]
contrast centric relation to centric occlusion
centric relation
- relationship of max and mand when jaw = closed
- found by tilting head back as far as possible and closing teeth gently tgt
centric occlusion
- relationship of teeth within jaws which allows most contact between teeth
- found by closing teeth tgt as normal with head forward
list the THREE types of spacing in the primary occlusion
**natural spacing
**
**primate spacing **
- naturally occuring
- in max arch = space mesial to canine
- in mand arch = space distal to canines
**leeway spacing **
- extra space gained from exfoliation of primary molars / eruption of smaller premolars
describe the terminal plane relationships in primary occlusion
flush terminal plane
- D surfaces of both max and mand molars = even
mesial step
- mand molar = more M than max molar
distal step
- mand molar = more D than max molar
describe normal occlusion
molar relationship
- MB cusp tip of max first molar occludes w MB groove of mand first molar
canine/prem relationship
- max canine occludes w D half of mand canine and M half of mand first prem
incis relationship
- mand incis occlude below or at cingulum of max incis
describe class I malocclusion
similar to normal occlusion - but with malocclusion relationships between individuals or groups of teeth
may be open bite, end of end bite, overbite
describe class II malocclusion + two divisions
MB groove of mand first molar = D to MB cusp of max first molar
class II div I
- max ant teeth proclined = large overjet present
Class II div II
- max ant teeth retroclined = deep overbite
[OVERBITES/OVERJETS]
describe class III malocclusion
MB groove of mand first molar = M to MB cusp of max first molar
cross bite/ edge-edge bite
[underbites]
contrast overbite from overjet
overjet
- horizontal relationship –> maxilla further than mandible
- distance between labial surface of mand incis and incisal edge of max incisors
overbite
- amt of overlap of mand teeth by max teeth
- vertical relationship
list some causes of tooth eruption
root growth - root formation = increase of tooth length accomodated by growth of root into alveolar
bone remodelling - apposition and resorption of bone
pressure from muscular actions
effect of nutrition
inherent tendency to erupt
list the FIVE types of tooth movement
Axial movement
- occlusal movement in direction of long axis of tooth
bodily movement
-movement in one direction eg M,D,B,L
eccentric growth
- shift of centre
tilting [tipping]
- movement around transverse axis
rotary movement
- movement around a longitudinal axis
describe the scissor bite
max molars positioned outwards our mand molars positioned inwards
= when arches closed = molars miss eachother and overlap with NO CONTACT
