Week 1/2

Question 1

Define: Normal variants

Answer 1

Abnormalities in the ossification of a bone

Question 2

Pons posticus

Answer 2

A normal variant in C1 in which there is an enthesopathy or calcification of the occipital atlanto ligament that creates a arcuate foramen for vertebral artery and spinal nerve to traverse througo

Question 3

Zone of provisional calcification

Answer 3

The junction of the physis (epiphyseal growth plate) and the metaphysis. It is a thin line of increased density and it represents an area of calcification of the physis cartilage and precursor to bone formation

Question 4

Metaphysis

Answer 4

area of bone between zone of provisional calcification and the diaphysis (essentailly the neck). Most metabolically active part of the bone

Question 5

Skeletal maturity

Answer 5

Achieved when there is ossification in the spine. about age 16 for females and 18 for males

Question 6

VINDICATE BN

Answer 6

V: vascular
I: infection
N: neoplasm
D: Degenerative
I: Iatrogenic/ idiopathic
C: congenital
A: Autoimmune
T: trauma
E: endocrine

B: biomechanical
N: neurological

Question 7

Define: Apophysis

Answer 7

A site of muscular attachments

Question 8

Position and sites of lesions within the bone

Answer 8

Apophyseal, epiphyseal, epiphyseal- metaphyseal lesion , metaphyseal, diaphyseal - POSITIONS
SITES: medullary, corticol, periosteal or extraosseous

Question 9

How to describe an x-ray

Answer 9

Position of lesion in the bone
Site of origin 
Shape/ size (benign is more demarcated) 
Margination 
Cortical integrity: thinning? thickening? expansile? destructed?
Medullary response
Periosteal response
Number of lesions/ symmetry

Question 10

Zone of transition

Answer 10

The peripheral margins of a lesion. wide zone of transition (imperceptible) means that there are ill defined margins, something aggressive

Sharp margins= narrow zone of transition

Intermediate zone of transition: part of it is clear other part is not

Question 11

Type of medullary response

Answer 11

Osteolytic: geographic or moth eaten/permeative
osteoblastic
Mixed

Question 12

Types of periosteal response

Answer 12

SOLID- continuous layer of new bone, benign
LAMINATED- onion skinned
SPICULATED- sunburst (aggressive)
CODMANS TRIANGLE- triangular response?

Question 13

Salter Harris Classification

Answer 13

A classification system of growth plate injuries, it is the standard for describing and predicting prognosis of eiphyseal injuries. Type 1-5

Question 14

Fracture complications

Answer 14

Vascular injury
compartment syndrome
thromboemblosm 
osteomyelitis
re-fracture
avascular necrosis
DJD
non-union/ malunion