Neoplasms

Question 1

Types of neoplasms/ tumours

Answer 1

Benign
Malignant
Secondary metastisis

Question 2

Most common cancers that metastises

Answer 2

Prostate, breast, lungs, thyroid, kidneys (skin?)

Question 3

Osteochondroma demographics

Answer 3

affects children, 75% found before age 20
Male 2:1
Most commonly long bones: femur, humerus, tibia, pelvis, scap, ribs

Question 4

Clinical features of osteochondroma

Answer 4

Silent- patient may notice hard lump

stalk of cap may produce pain

Question 5

Radiological features of osteochondroma

Answer 5

• Pendunculated projection, originating from metaphysis. It is continuous with bone cortices and has a cartilaginous cap
• Cauliflower: large lobulated cap
• long assymetrical widening if bone

Question 6

Haemoangioma demographics

Answer 6

Tumour made up of capillaries, cavernous or venous blood vessels
Most common primary benign bone timour
40-60, female
TL area of spine, skull frontal bone

Question 7

CLinical features of haemoangioma

Answer 7

Silent,
Pain or local muscle spasm
neurological or cord compromise

Question 8

Radiological features of haemoangioma

Answer 8

osteolucent with trabecular stress lines (if osteoporsis no stress lines)
expansile
can be mixed osteopoenic and osteosclerotic
CT scan: polka dotted vertebrae

Question 9

Osteoma features

Answer 9

Benign tumour of membranous tissue
MOre common females
Frontal or ethmoid sinuses
CLinical features; chronic sinusitis, headaches,
Radiological: sclerotic area, non-expansile

Question 10

Osteoid Osteoma features

Answer 10

age 10-25
painful soft centre with reactive sclerosis on outside
femur or tibia most common
pain at night relieved by aspirin,
Lucent spot with surrounding sclerosis, solid periosteal response

Question 11

osteochondroma differntials

Answer 11

Osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma,

Question 12

Haemoangiomia differntials

Answer 12

Pagets disease, osteoporosis

Question 13

Osteoid osteoma differntials

Answer 13

Brodies abcess, stress fracure due to callus

Question 14

Osteoblastoma features

Answer 14

Children and young adults
Benign
nearly identicle to osteoid ostoma 
Spine and long bones 
unremitting severe pain 
expansile, lucent and mottled apperance

Question 15

Chondroblastoma

Answer 15

benign cartilagninous tumour
10-25
epiphysis of long bones
geographic lesion with sharp zone of transition
fluffy cotton wool appearance

Question 16

Differentials for chondroblastoma

Answer 16

brodies abcess
Necrosis
Giant cell tumour

Question 17

Bone cyst features

Answer 17

Fluid filled cyst lined with fibrous tissue
children
humerus and femur
asymptomatic until path # z

Question 18

Radiological features of a bone cyst

Answer 18

lucent geographic lesion, no corticol disruption
broad in metaphysis, narrower in diaphysis
Expansile but not beyond epiphyseal diameter
in the calcaneous; geographic and completely lytic in calcaneal neck

Question 19

Anuerysmal bone csyt features

Answer 19

Blood filled cystic cavity
kids
spine and long bones
acute pain following trauma,

Question 20

Radiological features of aneurysmal bone cyst

Answer 20

Expansile lytic lesion, soap bubble

Question 21

Giant cell tumour features

Answer 21

Neoplasm in CT, highly vascular
20-40 yo
femure, tubia, radius and humerus
Swelling and tenderness, intermittent aching pain

Question 22

Radiological appearance of GCT

Answer 22

sharp circumscription of lytic lesions, soap bubble,
wide ZOT
expansile

Question 23

Multiple myeloma features

Answer 23

Malignant proliferation of plasma cells
50-70 years
Thoracics and lumbars
Bone pain, impaired immune system, path #, weight loss
Radiological findings: osteoporosis, punched out lesions

Question 24

Osteosarcoma features

Answer 24

Malignant bone cancer
10-25
Long bones, femur, tibia, fibular, humerus
painful swelling, pain

Question 25

Radiological features of osteosarcoma

Answer 25

Metaphyseal region
sclerotic, sometimes lytic, or mixed
sunburst periosteum
rough lobulated margin (fluffy cloud)

Question 26

Non-hodgkins lymphoma features and radiologu

Answer 26

Starts in lymphnodes (systemic symptoms)

Permeative lesions, widespread osteopoenia,