Neoplasms Flashcards
Types of neoplasms/ tumours
Benign
Malignant
Secondary metastisis
Most common cancers that metastises
Prostate, breast, lungs, thyroid, kidneys (skin?)
Osteochondroma demographics
affects children, 75% found before age 20
Male 2:1
Most commonly long bones: femur, humerus, tibia, pelvis, scap, ribs
Clinical features of osteochondroma
Silent- patient may notice hard lump
stalk of cap may produce pain
Radiological features of osteochondroma
- Pendunculated projection, originating from metaphysis. It is continuous with bone cortices and has a cartilaginous cap
- Cauliflower: large lobulated cap
- long assymetrical widening if bone
Haemoangioma demographics
Tumour made up of capillaries, cavernous or venous blood vessels
Most common primary benign bone timour
40-60, female
TL area of spine, skull frontal bone
CLinical features of haemoangioma
Silent,
Pain or local muscle spasm
neurological or cord compromise
Radiological features of haemoangioma
osteolucent with trabecular stress lines (if osteoporsis no stress lines)
expansile
can be mixed osteopoenic and osteosclerotic
CT scan: polka dotted vertebrae
Osteoma features
Benign tumour of membranous tissue
MOre common females
Frontal or ethmoid sinuses
CLinical features; chronic sinusitis, headaches,
Radiological: sclerotic area, non-expansile
Osteoid Osteoma features
age 10-25
painful soft centre with reactive sclerosis on outside
femur or tibia most common
pain at night relieved by aspirin,
Lucent spot with surrounding sclerosis, solid periosteal response
osteochondroma differntials
Osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma,
Haemoangiomia differntials
Pagets disease, osteoporosis
Osteoid osteoma differntials
Brodies abcess, stress fracure due to callus
Osteoblastoma features
Children and young adults Benign nearly identicle to osteoid ostoma Spine and long bones unremitting severe pain expansile, lucent and mottled apperance
Chondroblastoma
benign cartilagninous tumour 10-25 epiphysis of long bones geographic lesion with sharp zone of transition fluffy cotton wool appearance
Differentials for chondroblastoma
brodies abcess
Necrosis
Giant cell tumour
Bone cyst features
Fluid filled cyst lined with fibrous tissue
children
humerus and femur
asymptomatic until path # z
Radiological features of a bone cyst
lucent geographic lesion, no corticol disruption
broad in metaphysis, narrower in diaphysis
Expansile but not beyond epiphyseal diameter
in the calcaneous; geographic and completely lytic in calcaneal neck
Anuerysmal bone csyt features
Blood filled cystic cavity
kids
spine and long bones
acute pain following trauma,
Radiological features of aneurysmal bone cyst
Expansile lytic lesion, soap bubble
Giant cell tumour features
Neoplasm in CT, highly vascular
20-40 yo
femure, tubia, radius and humerus
Swelling and tenderness, intermittent aching pain
Radiological appearance of GCT
sharp circumscription of lytic lesions, soap bubble,
wide ZOT
expansile
Multiple myeloma features
Malignant proliferation of plasma cells
50-70 years
Thoracics and lumbars
Bone pain, impaired immune system, path #, weight loss
Radiological findings: osteoporosis, punched out lesions
Osteosarcoma features
Malignant bone cancer
10-25
Long bones, femur, tibia, fibular, humerus
painful swelling, pain
Radiological features of osteosarcoma
Metaphyseal region
sclerotic, sometimes lytic, or mixed
sunburst periosteum
rough lobulated margin (fluffy cloud)
Non-hodgkins lymphoma features and radiologu
Starts in lymphnodes (systemic symptoms)
Permeative lesions, widespread osteopoenia,
