WEEK 1 Flashcards
what are the 5 bone types?
1- long bone
2- short bone
3- irregular bone
4- flat bone
5- sesamoid bone
what are the 5 elements of a bone structure and describe where and what order it is in
1) epiphysis = the very top of the bone, where the attachment is
2) metaphysis= the start of the neck of the bone
3) diaphysis= the longest part of the bone
4) metaphysis= the neck at the end of the bone
5) epiphysis= the bottom of the bone where it is the site of attachment.
what are the functional differences between a compact bone ( x3) and a spongy bone (x4)
compact:
- compact bone is like a drinking straw
- absorbs and transmits forces in a single direction
- it is a heavy bone
spongy:
- absorbs force from multiple directions
- found where there is little force absorption
- light weight
- supports and protects bone marrow cells
identify the 3 major components of a bone matrix
1- calcium phosphate
2- collagen fibres
3- bone cells
describe calcium phosphate ( PART OF THE BONE MATRIX) x3
1- it is 66% of the bone total mass
2- forms a hydroxyapatite through interaction with hydroxide
3- provides compression strength
describe collagen fibres ( PART OF THE BONE MATRIX) x2
1- forms 33% of total bone mass
2- provides tensile strength
describe bone cells ( PART OF THE BONE MATRIX) x2 and list the four types of bone cells describing their roles.
1- 2% of total bone mass
2- maintains the bone matrix
- osteoclasts= break down the bone matrix ( process is called osteolysis)
- osteoblasts= produce new bone substance ( process is called osteogenesis)
- osteocytes= mature the bone cells
- osteoprogenitor cells= differentiate into osteoblasts and help with repairing bones.
describe bone remodelling x3
- normal process that is constantly occurring
- balance of formation
- remodels after a bone injury
what are the five factors that affect bone remodelling
1- dietary factors
2- hormonal factors
3- strain
4- aging
5- gender
define what a QCT is and describe what it measures
def= a quantitive computed temography
- measures the lumbar spine and hip
list the 9 fractures you can get and slightly describe them
1- greenstick= fracture in an arm on both sides of the bones
2- transverse= clean break
3- oblique= the fracture goes down diagonally
4- spiral= in the spine
5- compound= outside of the skin
6- comminuted= full break
7- avulsion= a small fracture ( stress)
8- growth plate fractures
9- epiphyseal slippage= in the femoral area
