Week 1

Question 1

what are the symptoms of breast cancer?

Answer 1

lump (breast/underarm)
breast swelling
dimpling of tissue
redness/flaky skin
pain in breast tissue
nipple discharge
change in size/shape of breast

Question 2

what are the symptoms of lung cancer?

Answer 2

cough persistent for 2-3 weeks
coughing discharge/blood
breathing pain
dyspnoea (short breath)
persistent fatigue
unexplained weight loss

Question 3

what are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Answer 3

frequent urination
nocturia (frequent urination during sleep)
dysuria (painful urination)
blood in urine
erectile dysfunction
pain when sitting

Question 4

how is breast cancer diagnosed?

Answer 4

physical examination
breast mammogram
ultrasound
breast MRI
breast biopsy

Question 5

how is lung cancer diagnosed?

Answer 5

chest x-ray
chest CT
spirometry (lung function test)
blood tests
biopsy

Question 6

how is prostate cancer diagnosed?

Answer 6

prostate specific antigen (PSA) test- measures PSA level in blood
digital rectal examination (DRE)- assesses texture, size, and shape of prostate gland
biopsy

Question 7

explain the TNM staging system

Answer 7

T- primary tumor size
N- reached nearby lymph nodes?
M- are there distant metastases (spread)