Week 1 Flashcards
Nociception?
Detection of painful stimuli
(Nociception is how the nervous system detects harmful stimuli. It can trigger automatic body responses like increased blood pressure or actions like pulling away from danger. It doesn’t always mean you feel pain.)
Allodynia
Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
like a gentle breeze
Hyperalgesia
Increased pain from stimulus that normally provokes pain
Feeling more pain then normal from something already painful, exagerrate
Neuropathic Pain
Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system.
Nociplastic Pain
Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage
Patients can have a combination of nociceptive and nociplastic pain
Sensitisation
Sensitisation is when the nervous system becomes more responsive to stimuli, making pain feel stronger or last longer. can happen in central or peripheral
Central Sensitisation
ncreased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to their
normal or subthreshold afferent input.
Peripheral Sensitisation
Increased responsiveness and reduced threshold of nociceptive neurons in the periphery to the stimulation of their receptive fields
Multidisciplinary Treatment
Multimodal treatment provided by practitioners from different disciplines. For example: the
prescription of an anti-depressant by a physician alongside exercise treatment from a
physiotherapist, and cognitive behavioral treatment by a psychologist, all the professions
working separately with their own therapeutic aim for the patient and not necessarily
communicating with each othe
Chronic Pain
pain over 3months
What is pain?
An uncomfortable sensory and emptional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
Rene Descartes model of pain
1st model of pain (1596-1650)
The body was more similiar to a machine
pain messege was transmitted via a hollow tube to the brain
Biomedical model of pain
Problem with 1st model?
Dualism: the mind is seperate from the body
Specificity theory
There is a unique receptor mechanism and pathway that transduces
and transmits specific painful information from the periphery to the
spinal cord, and then to the brain
Falls under biomedical model
Pattern response thoery
Suggests that pain comes from the way nerve signals are processed, not just from specific pain receptors. The intensity of the stimulus and how the nervous system interprets the signal determine whether pain is felt.
Biomedical model
Gate control theory
The Gate Control Theory of pain suggests that the spinal cord has a “gate” that can either block or allow pain signals to reach the brain. Non-painful signals, like touch or pressure, can help “close the gate” and reduce pain perception.
Gate control continued: The transmission of nerve impulses from afferent fibres to spinal cord transmission (T) cells is modulated by a gating mechanism in the spinal dorsal horn (substantia gelatinosa). Explain what influences the gating mechanism.
is influenced by the relative amount of activity in large- and small-diameter fibres, so that large fibres tend to inhibit transmission (close the gate) while small-fibres tend to facilitate transmission (open the gate)
Biopsychosocial model
Pain is a multidimensional, dynamic integration among physiological, psychological and social factors that influence each other
* Biological: genetics, pathology, age, etc
* Psychological: stress, anxiety, fear, etc
* Social: Fam, work, culture, norms, etc
Fear avoidance model
model of pain
Avoidance of movements or activities based on the fear of increased pain or re-injury
● Leads on to disuse, depression and disability and lowered thresholds for pain experience.
Mature organism model
The brain samples itself and determines how dangerous the stimuli really is
○ Samples include
■ Past experiences
■ Knowledge
■ Beliefs
■ Culture
Predictive processing model
Brain formulates predictions for the causes of the sensations it receives
- the brain actively interprets signals based on past experiences and expectations.
Ex: Heel raise no injury
○ Sensory input goes to brain
○ Brain predicts the input (expectation)
○ Comparison of expectation and sensory input
○ IF- expectation = sensory input
○ Conformation = safe
○ NO pain (output)
More info on doc
Neuromatrix model
Pain is a multidimensional experience produced by characteristic “neurosignature” patterns of nerve impulses generated by a widely distributed neural network, the “body- self neuromatrix” in the brain
MORE INFO IN DOC ABOUT THIS ONE
