Week 1 Flashcards
Camera obscuras used to form images on walls in darkened rooms; image formation via a pinhole
Ancient Times
Brightness and clarity of camera obscuras improved by enlarging the hole inserting a telescope lens
16th Century
Camera obscuras in frequent use by artist and made portable
17th Century
A typical camera obscura at the beginning of the 1_ Century, Somewhat larger than the replica shown above, incorporating a mirror (A), which reflects image from the lens (B) onto a glass plate (C) which holds a sheet of paper on which the image is being traced. The double interlocking box enables precise focusing.
19th Century
1772: _________ __ _________ mixes chalk, nitric acid, and silver in a flask; notices darkening on side of flask exposed to sunlight. Accidental creation of the first ______-________ __________.
Professor J. Schulze
- Photo-sensitive compound
1880: _________ ___________ makes “____ ______” by placing opaque objects on leather treated with silver nitrate; resulting images deteriorated rapidly, however, if displayed under light stronger than from candles
Thomas Wedgewood
- ” Sun Pictures “
1816: __________ _______ combines the camera obscura with photosensitive paper
Nicephore Niepce
1826: Niepce create a permanent image View from Niepce ________ __ __ ______
Niepce create a permanent image View from Niepce Window at Le Gras
1834: _______ ____ ______ creates permanent _________ images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. He created positive images by contact printing onto another sheet of paper
Henry Fox Talbot
- negative images
1837: ______ __________ creates images on silver-plated copper, coated with silver iodide and develop with warmed mercury; He is awarded a state pension by the French government in exchange for publication of methods and the rights by other french citizens to use the ______________process
Louise Daguerre
- Daguerreotype process
1841: Talbot patents his process under the name __________
Calotype
aka “Tintypes”
1851: __________ ____ ______, a Sculpture in London, improves photographic resolution by spreading a mixture of collodion (nitrated cotton dissolved in ether and alcohol) and chemicals on sheet of glass. We plate collodion photography was much cheaper than daguerreotypes, the negative/positive process permitted unlimited reproductions, and the process was published but not patented.
Frederick Scott Archer
1853: Nada (______ ____________) opens his portrait studio in Paris
Felix Toumachon
185_ - 1857: Direct _______ ________on glass (ambrotypes) and metal (tintypes or ferrotypes) popular in the US
__ Million tintypes produced by mid 1800s
positive images
3 million tintypes was produced
1861: Scottish physicist _______ ____-_____ demonstrates a color photography system involving three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, green, or blue filter. the photos turned into lantern slides and projected in registration with the same color filters. This is the _____ _________ method
James Clerk-Maxwell
- color photography
- color separation method
1861-65: ________ _______ and staff (mostly staff) covers the American Civil War, exposing 7_ _ _ negatives
Mathew Brady
- 7000 negatives
1870: Center of period in which the US congress sent photographers out to the ____. The most famous images where taken by _______ ______ and ___ __‘________
West
- William Jackson and Tim O’Sullivan
1871: Richard Leach Maddox, an English doctor, proposes the use of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass plate, the ___ _____ process
Dry plate process
1877: Eadweard Muybridge, born in England as Edward Muggridge, settles “do a horse’s four hooves ever leave the ground at once” bet among rich San Franciscans by ____-__________ photography of ______ ___________ _____
time-sequenced
- Leland Stanford’s horse
When was Dry plates being manufactured commercially?
1878
1880: George Eastman, age 24, sets up Eastman Dry plate company in Rochester, New York. First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper, the ____ _____ _______
New York Graphic
First Issue the National Geographic Magazine
1888
Year of First Kodak Camera, containing a 20-foot roll of paper, enough for 100 2.5 each diameter circular pictures.
1888
Year of improving kodak camera roll of film instead of paper
1889
