Week 1

Question 1

What is a constant ?

Answer 1

does not change in value

Question 2

What is a variable ?

Answer 2

has more than one value

Question 3

What is a discrete variable ?

Answer 3

only takes on whole-valued numbers

Question 4

What is a continuous ?

Answer 4

falls in a continuum and allows fractional amounts

Question 5

What are the scales of measurement ?

Answer 5

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

Question 6

What is the nominal scale ?

Answer 6

broken into categories that have no numerical properties

Question 7

What is the ordinal scale ?

Answer 7

broken into categories on a ranked order

Question 8

What is an interval scale ?

Answer 8

number-based, distance b/w numbers in this scale is equal

Question 9

What is a ratio scale ?

Answer 9

also number-based and equal distance between interval but has an absolute zero
* absolute zero - when the number 0 means that this variable does not exist

Question 10

What is random sampling ?

Answer 10

Every member of the population has an equal probability of being included into the sample

Question 11

What are the two branches of statistics ?

Answer 11

• Descriptive - homogeneity of performance
• Inferential - probability-based

Question 12

What is the purpose of observational, correlational, and experimental ?

Answer 12

• Observational - describe
• Correlation - predict
• Experimental - explain

Question 13

What symbol is used to depict correlation ?

Answer 13

r

Question 14

What do the sign and value of r mean ?

Answer 14

• sign -> direction
• value -> strength

Question 15

What is confound variable ?

Answer 15

a third variable that may indirectly impact the 2 variables in a correlational study

Question 16

What is a independent variable ?

Answer 16

what you manipulate

Question 16

What is a dependent variable ?

Answer 16

what is being measured and compared

Question 17

What is a control group ?

Answer 17

did not receive any levels of IV

Question 18

What is a experimental group(s) ?

Answer 18

received some levels of IV

Question 19

What are control variable(s) ?

Answer 19

variables that you want to make sure is the same between different groups

Question 20

What is a quasi-experimental study ?

Answer 20

when the variable of interest is not manipulated by the researcher

Question 21

What is mean, median and mode ?

Answer 21

• mean - avg
• median - middle score
• mode - occurs the most

Question 22

What is range ?

Answer 22

the differene between the lowest and the highest score in a distribution

Question 23

What is interquartile range ?

Answer 23

Difference between the 75th and 25th centile in a distribution

Question 24

What is **average deviation** ?

Answer 24

indicates the average difference between the scores in a distribution and the mean of the distribution

Question 25

What is **standard deviation** ?

Answer 25

the square root of the averaged SS from the mean

Question 25

What is a **raw** score ?

Answer 25

the actual value of a score

Question 25

What is a **normal curve** ?

Answer 25

a symmetrical, bell-shaped frequency polygon representing a normal distribution

Question 26

What is a **z** score ?

Answer 26

the standard score, which indicates how many standard deviation units a raw score is from the mean of the distribution