week 1 Flashcards

introduction to research design

1
Q

what is research

A

the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way to generate new concepts, methodologies, inventions and understandings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

objectives of psychological research

A

describe
explain
predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

approaches to psychological research

A

inductive methods
deductive methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the aim of inductive methods

A

aim to generate new theories/ideas
eg. by observing or looking for patterns in the things around us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the aim of deductive methods

A

aim to test theories, and establish whether they are valid or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do deductive methods have the potential to do

A

disprove a particular postulate or proposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a theory

A

a broad statement about reality
(a statement on cause and effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the independent variable

A

the causes in our theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the dependent variable

A

the effects in our theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do we test a theory

A

you cant so therefore you test a hypothesis that should be true if the theory was true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does a good theory help to generate

A

hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

criteria for good research problems

A

variables should express a clear relationship
stated in question form
capable of empirical testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is operationalisation

A

turning abstract conceptual ideas into measurable observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a variable

A

something that varies/ takes on different values or categories
eg. gender, anxiety levels, IQ scores, on/off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are categorical variables

A

varies by type or kind
eg. gender, religion, university course etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of measurement are categorical variables

17
Q

what is a continuous variable

A

varies by degree or amount
eg. reaction time, height, age, anxiety level

18
Q

what type of measurement is a continuous variable

A

interval/ration measurement

19
Q

common pitfalls in research

A

extraneous variables
confounding variables

20
Q

what is an extraneous variable

A

variables that compete with the IV in explaining the outcome or DV
(can also be called nuisance variable)

21
Q

what is a confounding variable

A

a variable that is systematically related to both the IV and the DV in your study, in such a way that any change in the DV cannot be directly attributed to the IV

22
Q

what does confounding do

A

reduces internal validity

23
Q

what is causation

A

a condition in which one event (the cause) generates another event (the effect)

24
Q

criteria for identifying a causal relation

A

cause (IV) must be related to the effect (DV)
changes in the IV must precede changes in DV
no other plausible explanation must exist for the effect

25
a well designed and appropriately controlled and conducted experiment can
allow inferences about causality
26
an experiment should be
carefully designed rigorously controlled replicable ethical
27
disadvantages of the experimental approach
Does not test the effects of non-manipulated variables artificiality or generalizability
28
what is Artificiality or Generalizability
refers to potential problems in generalizing findings from laboratory settings to the "real world"
29
what is a hypothesis
an interrogative sentence that states the relationship between two or more variables or the key research question
30