week 1 Flashcards
intro to anatomical terms and topic 1
types of anatomy
gross
surface
microanatomy/ histology
regional
systemic
gross anatomy
large, visible structures revealed by dissection
e.g. viscera/ musculoskeletal structures/ bv/ nerves/ lymphatics
surface anatomy
palpable surface landmark location of internal structures
microanatomy/ histology
structures unable to be seen by the naked eye
regional anatomy
head/ neck/ upper or lower limb/ thorax/ abdomen/ pelvis
systemic anatomy
CV/ respiratory/ musculoskeletal/ nervous/ GI / genitourinary systems
anatomical position
standing with head, feet and palms facing forward, penis erect
prone anatomical position
facing down
supine anatomical position
face up
superior
towards crown
inferior
towards sole
anterior
towards front
posterior
towards back
medial
toward midline
lateral
away from midline
proximal
towards the centre
distal
away from the centre
superficial
near surface
deep
away from surface
5th Intercostal Space
gap inferior to the 5th rib, superior to the 6th rib
Adrenaline
sympathomimetic catecholamine, causes quickening of the heart beat, strengthens force of heart’s contraction, opens bronchioles and other effects.
FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE
epinephrine
Aldosterone
steroid hormone, produced by adrenal cortex, regulates balance of salt and water in body (Mineralocorticoid)
secreted in response to low salt levels
binds to mineralocorticoid receptor and up-regulates production of protein which prevents ENaC from being degraded
^ sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule of nephron leads to more water reabsorption and increase in blood pressure
Anterior
anterior view is from the front
Cortisol
steroid hormone, produced by adrenal cortex, regulates carbohydrate metabolism (Glucocorticoid)
stress hormone
Faecal Mass
Waste matter eliminated from the bowels; excrement
Fascia
sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue enveloping, separating, or binding together muscles, organs, and other soft structures of the body
Gall Bladder
small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for digestion.
concentrates bile during the fasting state, typically increasing the concentration five-fold
Inguinal Ligament
tough, fibrous ligament that stretches between the lateral edge of the pubic bone and the anterior superior iliac spine
Mediastinum
region in mammals between the pleural sacs, containing the heart and all of the thoracic viscera except the lungs
Medullary
“In the medulla or inner core
Necrotic
dead