Anatomy of the cardiovascular system

Question 1

upper respiratory tract components

Answer 1

nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx (above vocal folds)

Question 2

lower respiratory tract components

Answer 2

larynx (below vocal folds)
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
lungs

Question 3

upper respiratory tract function

Answer 3

conditioning inspired air before reacging lungs

warming to body temp/ humidification/ particulate filtration

Question 4

breathing control origin

Answer 4

via brain stem> medulla oblongata

Question 5

rythmic cycle of inspiration/ expiration components

Answer 5

inspiratory/ expiratory neurones

afferent info can modify via chemoreceptors/ brain/ lung receptors

Question 6

lung sizing

Answer 6

right larger than left due to bulging of mediastinum to the left

Question 7

lung placement

Answer 7

on either side of thorax separated by mediastinum and surrounded by pleural cavities

Question 8

3 surfaces of the lungs

Answer 8

costal
mediastinal
diaphragmatic

Question 9

3 borders of the lungs

Answer 9

inferior
anterior (outside)
posterior (inside)

Question 10

R lung impressions

Answer 10

S/I vena cava groove
cardiac impression
oesophagus/ azygos vein impression

Question 11

L lung impressions

Answer 11

aortic arch groove
descending aorta groove
cardiac impression
diaphragmatic impression

Question 12

Mediastinum

Answer 12

central compartment of thoracic cavity
contains all thoracic structures except lungs
mobile

Question 13

mediastinum location

Answer 13

from superior thoracic aperture superiorly to diaphragm inferiorly
from sternum anteriorly to thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

Question 14

what are the parts of the mediastinum?

Answer 14

anterior/ middle/ posterior
superior/ inferior separated by thoracic plane

Question 15

what’s the azygos vein system?

Answer 15

H-shaped system draining posterior thoracic wall
on right

Question 16

what’s the thymus?

Answer 16

T-cell producing lymphoid organ
plays role in immune system/ T cell development

Question 17

what’s the thoracic duct?

Answer 17

main lymphatic vessel for return of lymph to systemic venous system > drains lower limbs/ abdomen/ L thorax/ L upper limb/ L side of face/neck

Question 18

phrenic nerve

Answer 18

paired nerve supplying diaphragm
C3/4/5

Question 19

vagus nerve

Answer 19

10th cranial nerve
paired
parasymp input to GI/heart

Question 20

functions of pericardium

Answer 20

infection protection
limits motion/ fixes in mediastinum
lubrication
prevents rapid overfilling

Question 21

pericardium

Answer 21

membrane covering heart in middle mediastinum of thorax
2 layers: outer fibrous/ inner thin serous