WEEK 1

Question 1

Empirical methods?

Answer 1

Inquiry approaches attuned to measurement and observation.

Question 2

Anecdotal evidence?

Answer 2

Biased evidence typically drawn from personal experience (supports correct or incorrect conclusion)

Question 3

Causality

Answer 3

The determination that one variable causes - is responsible for - an effect

Question 4

Correlation

Answer 4

Measure of relatedness to 2+ variables

Question 5

Deductive reasoning?

Answer 5

A form of reasoning in which a given premise determines interpretation of specific observations.

Question 6

Induction?

Answer 6

Draw general conclusions from specific observations.

Question 7

Inductive reasoning?

Answer 7

A form of reasoning in which a general conclusion is inferred from a set of observations.

Question 8

Null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST)?

Answer 8

A test created to determine the chances that an alternative hypothesis would produce a result as extreme as the one observed if the null hypothesis were actually true.

Question 9

Objective?

Answer 9

Being free of personal bias.

Question 10

Pseudoscience?

Answer 10

Beliefs or practices presented as being scientific, or which are mistaken for being scientific, but which are not scientific.

Question 11

Type I Error?

Answer 11

The error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.

Question 12

Type II Error?

Answer 12

The error of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.

Question 13

Behaviourism?

Answer 13

The study of behaviour.

Question 14

Cognitive psychology?

Answer 14

The study of mental processes.

Question 15

Consciousness?

Answer 15

Awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Question 16

Empiricism?

Answer 16

The belief that knowledge comes from experience.

Question 17

Eugenics?

Answer 17

The practise of selective breeding to promote desired traits.

Question 18

Flashbulb memory?

Answer 18

Highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event.

Question 19

Functionalism?

Answer 19

A school of American Psychology that focused on utility of consciousness.

Question 20

Gestalt psychology?

Answer 20

An attempt to study the unity of experience.

Question 21

Individual differences?

Answer 21

Ways people differ in terms of behaviour, emotion, cognition, development.

Question 22

Introspection?

Answer 22

A method of focusing on internal processes.

Question 23

Neural impulse?

Answer 23

An electro-chemical signal that enables neurons to communicate.

Question 24

Practitioner-Scholar Model?

Answer 24

A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes clinical practise.

Question 25

Psychophysics?

Answer 25

The study of relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.

Question 26

Realism?

Answer 26

A POV that emphasizes the importance of senses in providing knowledge of the external world.

Question 27

Scientist-practitioner model?

Answer 27

A model of training. Of professional psychologists that emphasizes the development of both research and clinical skills.

Question 28

Structuralism?

Answer 28

A school of American Psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience.

Question 29

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Answer 29

The inability to pull a word from memory even though there is sensation that the word is available.