Week 1

Question 1

What is logic?

Answer 1

Logic makes a discipline scientific, by providing a way to
deduce the vast amount of knowledge in each discipline
from a relatively small number of explicitly stated facts or
hypotheses.

Question 2

What’s wrong with natural languages?

Answer 2

Ambiguous
Imprecise

Question 3

Role of logicians.

Answer 3

Avoid subject matter. Instead concentrate on the correctness of the argument form, irrespective of the discipline under study.

Question 4

What do logicians and computer scientists call the acceptedness argument?

Answer 4

L: The validity of the argument.
CS: The correctness of the argument.

Question 5

Why is logic important in programming?

Answer 5

We can examine the correctness of the program by whether it is possible to sustain the argument that the program produces the right output, provided the input data conforms to stated specifications.

Question 6

What is abstract form in logic?

Answer 6

A form free from the subject matter.

Question 7

Importance of abstract form.

Answer 7

Allows logicians to examine the validity of an argument quite independently from the factual truth and the subject matter.

Question 8

Define argument.

Answer 8

An argument is in essence a claim. As it is subjected
to a logical analysis, the argument may be seen as a
relationship between statements.

Question 9

What are premises? What is the conclusion?

Answer 9

Sentences that when arranged in specific order support conclusion.
Accepted statement.

Question 10

What is a deductive argument?

Answer 10

A justified conclusion relying solely on the basis of the premises

Question 11

What is an inductive argument or probabilistic argument?

Answer 11

A conclusion reached by making generalisations from particular
instances of knowledge, on the basis of strong but inconclusive evidence.

Question 12

What is a syllogism?

Answer 12

A syllogism is a three-part logical argument, based on deductive reasoning, in which two premises are combined to arrive at a conclusion.

Question 13

What is propositional logic?

Answer 13

Where certain types of statement termed
propositions are regarded as the smallest building
blocks for constructing arbitrarily complex
statements. E.g. Include: And, or, not

Question 14

What is a proposition?

Answer 14

A proposition is the underlying meaning of a declarative
sentence – a sentence which is either true or false.

Question 15

What are compound propositions?

Answer 15

A compound proposition is one that can be broken down into more primitive propositions. It consists of more primitive propositions combined using logical connectives.

Question 16

What is an ambiguous sentence?

Answer 16

A sentence that can have more than one distinct meaning.

Question 17

What is an imprecise or vague sentence?

Answer 17

A sentence that only has one meaning but as a proposition is not as clear.

Question 18

What is negation and its symbol?

Answer 18

Not. ¬.

Question 19

What is conjunction and its symbol?

Answer 19

And. ^.

Question 20

What is disjunction and its symbol?

Answer 20

Or. ∨.

Question 21

What is implication and its symbol?

Answer 21

If…then… ⇒

Question 22

What is equivalence and its symbol?

Answer 22

If and only if ⇔

Question 23

What are conjuncts and disjuncts?

Answer 23

The formulae written on either side of a conjunction or disjunction.

Question 24

For if and only if how does it work and what are the names.

Answer 24

P if and only if q means that the expression is false if p is true and q is
false. P is the antecedent and q is the consequence.

Question 25

What is the logic naming convention?

Answer 25

Capital letters stand for general things. Small letters stand for particular people.

Question 26

What is prime proposition?

Answer 26

Most basic type of proposition. Also known as elementary, simple or atomic propositions and are the basic building blocks from which we can construct more complex expressions.