Week 1

Question 1

What are the phenotypic criteria used to diagnose frailty?

Answer 1

-low grip strength
-low energy
-slow walking speed
-low physical activity
-unintentional weight loss

Question 1

Define frailty

Answer 1

A clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from aging associated decline in reserve and function across multiple physiologic systems such that the ability to cope with everyday or acute stressors is compromised

Question 2

How many criteria must someone meet to be indicated as frail?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

What are the risk factors for frailty?

Answer 3

Those 85+, Women, Black older people

Question 4

What does frailty increase the risk for?

Answer 4

having falls, hospitalization, malnutrition, infection, physical and mental health comorbidities

Question 5

Who are at higher risk for falls?

Answer 5

Those 85+, women, those living alone

Question 6

What is the number one reason for death, hospitalization and ED visits in older adults?

Answer 6

Falls

Question 7

Older people who have fallen tend to do what, which increases their risk for subsequent falls

Answer 7

Reduce activity out of fear

Question 8

How can nurse reduce fear of falling in older adults?

Answer 8

Physical interventions to build strength, balance and confidence can help to reduce fear

Question 9

What are the three “old” categories?

Answer 9

Young old –> 65-74
Middle-old –> 75-84
Old-old –> 85+

Question 10

What percentage of seniors fall each year?

Answer 10

20-30%

Question 11

What are fall reduction interventions?

Answer 11

exercise
environmental modifications
medication review
behaviour and educational programs
assistive devices

Question 12

What are non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 12

Female
White race
Northern European ancestry
Advanced age
Family hx

Question 13

What are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 13

Low body weight
Low calcium intake
Estrogen deficiency
Low testosterone
Inadequate exercise or activity
Use of steroids or anticonvulsants
Excess coffee or alcohol intake
Current cigarette smoking

Question 14

What factors can affect aging?

Answer 14

Cohort effect
Historical events and changes
Gender
Ethnicity and culture

Question 15

Well-being for those 60 and older is strongly related to functional status.
True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What factors are associated with Canada’s health disparities?

Answer 16

Low SES
Aboriginal identity
Female gender
Living in a rural or remote area

Question 17

What does the acronym LEARN in the LEARN model denote?

Answer 17

L-listen carefully to the person’s perception of the situation, the desired goals, and the ideas for treatment.
E – Explain your perception of the situation and the problems.
A – Acknowledge and discuss both the similarities and differences between your perceptions and goals and those of the older person.
R – Recommend a plan of action that takes both perspectives into account.
N – Negotiate a plan that is mutually acceptable.

Question 18

What interventions can be put in place to manage osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Weight-bearing physical activity
Adequate intake of vitamin D (800-1000u)
Calcium supplements

Question 19

What is the number 1 reason for activity limitations from middle age onward?

Answer 19

Arthritis