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Psych 104 pre midterm 1 > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who believed psych was a study of consciousness

A

Wilhem Wundt

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2
Q

What did Wilhelm Wundt do

A

Establish psychology as a distinct discipline, opened psych lab, viewed it as a science

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3
Q

What is Occam’s Razor

A

When confronted with two or more equally good competing explanations, the most parsimonious is preferred

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4
Q

What was the goal of the Behavioural Perspective?

A

To predict and control behaviour

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5
Q

What temperament refers to the yellow bile

A

Choleric

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6
Q

What did structuralism rely heavily on and who pioneered it

A

Introspection, Wilhelm Wudnt and Edward Titchener

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7
Q

What is unconsciousness

A

Thoughts memories and desires that are below the surface of awareness and influence behaviour

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8
Q

What are minds in substance dualism

A

Immaterial (spiritual, rather than physical)

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9
Q

What did John B. Watson believe

A

That good science relies on good verifiability and psychologists were not using science to figure things out

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10
Q

What is a Freudian slip

A

The unconcious thoughts slipping out

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11
Q

What did humanists challenge

A

The determinism of behaviourism and psychoanalysis. (The idea that you could not control your behaviour)

Determinism was the belief that actions were outside of the human will

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12
Q

Who was seen as the first psychologist

A

Hippocrates

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13
Q

Who pioneered the Behavioural Perspective

A

John B. Watson

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14
Q

What is one of the goals of psychology (c)

A

To control behaviour through knowledge of its causes to enhance human and animal welfare

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15
Q

What is functionalism

A

A school of thought believing that the goal of psych was to analyze the function of consciousness not its structure

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16
Q

What is behaviourism

A

The theory that scientific psychology should study observable behavour

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17
Q

What is introspection

A

The looking into our own minds and reporting what we discover

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18
Q

Who pioneered psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

What is one of the goals of psychology (p)

A

To predict how people and animals will behave under certain conditions

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20
Q

What temperament refers to the phlegm

A

Phlegmatic

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21
Q

What did William James think conciousness was

A

A continuous flow

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22
Q

What is one of the goals of psychology (e)

A

TO explain and understand the causes of these behaviours

23
Q

What was operant conditioning

A

method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior

24
Q

What temperament refers to the black bile

A

Melancholic

25
Q

origin of ology

A

referring to the study of something

26
Q

What is substance dualism

A

Minds and bodies are distinct substances that interact

27
Q

What are bodies in substance dualism

A

material

28
Q

origin of Psych

A

referring to soul or spirit

29
Q

What is structuralism

A

A school of thought believeing that the goal of psychology was to analyze the basic elements of consciousness and examine how they are related

30
Q

What did Sigmund Freud do

A

Tried to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on Unconscious determinants of behaviour

31
Q

What is one of the goals of psychology (d)

A

To describe how people and other animals behave

32
Q

What is the mind-body problem

A

How do minds and bodies interact?

33
Q

What theory implied 4 fluids controlled things like your emotion, complexion, and temperament

A

Humoral theory

34
Q

What is the definition of psychology

A

The scientific study of the mind and behaviour

35
Q

What was the humanistic behaviour

A

A theoretical orientation that emphasized the unique qualities of humans, especially their own freedom and potential for personal growth

36
Q

What temperament refers to the Blood

A

Sanguine

37
Q

What did functionalism rely heavily on and who pioneered it

A

Inspired by darwins theory of natural selection, William James

38
Q

What did B.F skinner discover in relation to Behaviourism

A

Operant Conditioning

39
Q

What philosopher argued for substance dualism

A

Rene Descartes

40
Q

What was Decartes first principle

A

That his own mind exists

41
Q

What does parsimonious mean

A

To require the least amount of new assumptions

42
Q

Who pioneered the Humanistic perspective

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

43
Q

What posed a problem to psychology

A

The behaviouristic perspective as it was very successful but unwanted

44
Q

What is cognitive psychology

A

to infer un-observative constructs (mental processes) to answer phenomena

45
Q

What is the biological perspective

A

Focuses on how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behaviour

46
Q

What is clinical psychology

A

The branch of psych concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of problems and disorders

47
Q

Naive realism

A

The belief that what we see in the world is precisely as it is

48
Q

Who employed the scientific method

A

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

49
Q

Why was Semmelweis’s mortality rate in his ward higher than the other

A

He hypthosesized that the doctors were transmitting the post mortem particles to these women delivering babies

50
Q

What is the scientific method

A
  1. Identify the question of interest
  2. Gather relevant information and formulate a testable hypothesis
  3. Design a study that can test the hypothesis
  4. Analyze the data and draw conclusions
  5. Report the findings and ask further questions
51
Q

What is a deductive argument/statement

A

An argument which the conclusion necessarily follows the premise

Since men are mortal and socrates is a man. Socrates is mortal

52
Q

Inductive argument/statement

A

An argument in which it is improbable that the conclusion is false given the premises are true

53
Q

What is inductive reasoning used to create

A

Theories

54
Q

When is a hypothesis falsafiable

A

When it is capable of being dispproved

Psych 104 pre midterm 1 (3 decks)

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