Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drug Literature > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is science important for drawing conclusions?

A

Important for empirical evidence drawn from scientific data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is drug information?

A

Pharmacist activity of collecting, analyzing, and providing data pertaining to pharmacotherapy or pharmacy practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the services that are provided by DI Specialists?

A
  1. Providing poison information
  2. Publishing or editing information on appropriate medication use through newsletters, journal columns, websites, e-mail, social media, etc.
  3. Providing education (e.g., in-services, classes, experiential education, journal club) for health care professionals, students, and patients
  4. Participating in health outcome initiatives
  5. Coordinating formulary management initiatives
  6. Developing criteria/guidelines for medication use
  7. Analyzing the clinical and economic impact of drug policy decisions
  8. Managing medication-use evaluation and other quality assurance/ improvement activities
  9. Managing drug shortages
  10. Managing investigational medication use
  11. Coordinating of adverse drug event reporting and monitoring programs
  12. Consulting on pharmacy informatics projects in the health care system setting
  13. Ensuring and implementing changes to medication-use policies and formulary decisions via informatics system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the skills needed to provide DI?

A
  1. Find relevant data
  2. Estimate the reliability of information sources
  3. Distinguish between sources intended for laymen and those intended for professionals (go to drugs.com, check drug interactions, and switch from patient to professional view)
  4. Evaluate trial design
  5. Evaluate statistics used in medical science
  6. Evaluate the medical literature
  7. Communicating verbal and in writing in a way appropriate for your audience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are practice opportunities for DI specialists?

A
  1. Contract drug information center
  2. Pharmacy informatics
  3. Managed care organizations
  4. PBMs
  5. Scientific writing
  6. Poison control
  7. Pharmaceutical Industry
  8. Academia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the job responsibilities of DI Specialist?

A
  1. Manage drug information centers
  2. Keep up to date with relevant drug literature
  3. Pharmacy representative to P&T committees
  4. Prepare medication use policies
  5. Improve health systems ADR reporting
  6. Improve health systems medication use evaluation programs
  7. Develop drug monographs
  8. Develop patient safety initiatives
    9.Examine trends of inappropriate drug use and provide supporting scientific evidence to help modify practices.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is plagiarism?

A

the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is primary literature?

A
  1. Original materials/info on which other research is based
  2. Most recent
  3. Includes published and unpublished
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the types of primary lit?

A
  1. Controlled trials.
  2. Cohort studies.
  3. Case reports.
  4. Case control studies.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are critereas of using primary lit?

A
  1. Allows reader to critique and analyze the study methodology to determine if the conclusions are valid and/or useful.
  2. Requires skillful discernment.
  3. Requires time commitment.
  4. Can result in misleading conclusion based on only one trial without knowing the context of other research.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the advantage of primary lit?

A
  1. Are usually first published in the sciences
  2. Best source of info on cutting edge topics
  3. Conference proceedings, interviews, journals, lab notebooks, patents, preprints, tech reports, theses, and dissertations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are primary lit examples?

A
  1. New England Journal of Medicine
  2. Lancet
  3. British Medical Journal
  4. Nature
  5. Journal of the American Medical Association
  6. Chest
  7. Journal of Critical Care Medicine
  8. Pediatrics
  9. Pharmacotherapy
  10. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  11. Annals of Pharmacotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is secondary lit?

A
  1. Summarize the existing state of knowledge in a field at the time of publication
  2. It is usually broader and less current than primary literature
  3. Very useful for keeping current with new developments and can help pharmacists find more detailed information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is secondary lit used for?

A
  1. Used to find comparisons of different ideas and theories to see how it’s changed over time
  2. To obtain an overview of a topic and/or identify primary resources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of secondary lit?

A

Systematic reviews (Cochrane library database of systematic reviews)
Meta-analyses
Review articles (Annual Reviews)
Editorials
Books summarizing research in an area
Abstracts and Indexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most processed literature?

A

Tertiary lit

17
Q

What is tertiary lit?

A
  1. Present condensed material, generally with references back to the primary and/or secondary literature.
  2. Useful place to find data or to get an overview of a subject, but they rarely contain original material
  3. The consensus of the experts – facts no longer debated
  4. Filtered and summarized by the author
  5. Provide overviews of topics by synthesizing information gathered from other resources. Tertiary resources often provide data in a convenient form or provide information with context by which to interpret it
  6. Significant lag time; could have outdated information
  7. May have incomplete information
  8. Easily accessible, easy to use
  9. Helpful first-line resources with basic information
18
Q

What are tertiary lit examples?

A

Package inserts – check that its from FDA
UptoDate
Textbooks
Epocrates
Medscape
LexiComp Online
Micromedex
Facts and Comparison
APhA Pharmacy Library
Clinical guidelines

19
Q

How do we select an appropriate resource?

A
  1. Start with tertiary
  2. If you know the basics start with a reputable index
  3. Can also search key words in the library.
  4. Look for good references in everything you read.
  5. Carefully evaluate articles found by just googling.
  6. Peer review adds some credibility but know which professionals are reviewing
  7. Watch for predatory journals
20
Q

What are some search strategies?

A

PubMed
Google Scholar
Our Library
https://magnolia.msstate.edu/

21
Q

What is PubMed?

A

A National Library of Medicine (NLM) web interface that provides free access to the MEDLINE database

22
Q

What is MEDLINE?

A

bibliographic database of life and biomedical science information, primarily scientific journal articles

23
Q

How are journals selected for MEDLINE?

A

Based on scientific policy and quality by the NLM director. Journals must go through a vetting process to be included or indexed in reputable bibliographic databases

24
Q

What is Medical subject headings (MeSH)?

A

NLM vocabulary thesaurus used to index articles for PubMed. Different databases index articles differently

25
Q

What are Boolean Operators for Indexes?

A

And, or, not

26
Q

What is AND?

A

combines two terms and returns only items with both

27
Q

What is OR?

A

combines two terms and returns items with either

28
Q

What is NOT?

A

eliminates items with the item included

29
Q

What are characteristics of reliable resources?

A

Peer Reviewed
Lack of financial bias or conflict of interest
Bibliography, works cited, and footnotes
Authors have relevant expertise (careful of philosophers writing about math)
Current (check the date)
The HONcode
Compare professional vs patient drug interactions on drugs.com

30
Q

What are reliable info resources?

A

Government agencies – CDC, FDA
Major non-profit organizations – ADA, AHA, ACS
University websites
USP-NF
Trissel’s
PubChem (as of 12/12/22 the NLM’s single source for chemical info)
Access Pharmacy
Access Medicine
APhA Pharmacy Library
King Guide to Parenteral Admixtures
Pharmacist Letter
Facts and Comparisons off-Label Database
Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
AHFS DI Essentials
The Five Minute Clinical Consult
Clinical Key
Clinical Pharmacology
Dynamed
Global RPh
Epocrates

Drug Literature (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions