WEEK 1 Flashcards
emotional prejudice among the older adult.
AGE DISCRIMINATION
a negative attitude toward aging or older person.
AGEISM
a process of programmed cell death marked by cell shrinkage.
APOPTOSIS
a large group of people born between 1946 and 1964, in the time after the Second World War.
BABY BOOMERS
someone who is 100 years of age or older.
CENTENARIAN
usually describes as those persons age 65 or older.
ELDERLY
chemical species that arise from atoms as single unpaired electrons.
FREE RADICALS
medical care for the aged.
GERIATRICS
a specialty within nursing practice where the patients/clients are older persons.
GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
is the broad term used to define the study of aging and/or the aged.
GERONTOLOGY
similar to the aging of America, referring to the increase in numbers of older Americans.
GRAYING OF AMERICA
theories stating that a series of genetically programmed events occur to all organisms with aging.
NONSTOCHASTIC THEORIES OF AGING
theories stating that random events occurring in one’s life cause damage that accumulates with aging.
STOCHASTIC THEORIES OF AGING
an enzyme that regulates chromosomal aging by its action on telomeres.
TELOMERASE
American Journal of Nursing (AJN) publishes first geriatric article by an MD.
1902
First geriatric nursing textbook, “Geriatric Nursing( Newton), published First master’s thesis in geriatric nursing completed by Eleanor Pingrey Geriatric becomes a specialization in nursing.
1950
First geriatric nursing study published in Nursing Research.
1952
ANA recommends specialty group for geriatric nurses.
1961
ANA holds first National Nursing Meeting on Geriatric Nursing Practice.
1962
ANA forms a geriatric nursing division, First Gerontological Clinical Nurse Specialist master’s program begins at Duke University.
1966
First RN (Laurie Gunter) presents at the International Congress of Gerontology.
1968
Development of standards for geriatric nursing practice
1969
ANA creates the Standards of Practice for Geriatric Nursing.
1970
ANA offers the first generalist certification in gerontological nursing.
1973
First nursing journal for the care of older adults published : Journal of Gerontological Nursing by Slack,Inc. First nursing conference held at the International Congress of
Gerontology.
1975
ANA Geriatric Nursing Division changes name to Gerontological Nursing Division.
1976
ANA division of Gerontological Nursing publishes statement on scope of practice.
1981
Development of Robert Wood Johnson Teaching Home Nursing Program.
1982
First university chair in gerontological nursing in the United States (case western
reserve).
1983
ANA revises Standards and Scope of Gerontological Nursing Practice.
1987
First Phd program in gerontological nursing established.
1988
ANA certification established for Clinical Specialist in Gerontological nursing.
1989
ANA certification available for geriatric advanced practice nurses as geriatric nurse
practitioners or gerontological clinical nurse specialist.
1998
ages 65-74
YOUNG OLD
ages 75-84
MIDDLE OLD
ages 85 and up
OLD OLD
fear of aging. Inability to accept aging adults in the
society.
GERONTOPHOBIA
Attempt to explain aging in terms of behavior, personality and attitude change.
PSYCOSOCIAL THEORIES OF AGING
changing roles, relationship, status and generational cohort impact the older adult’s ability to adapt.
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES
Havighurst and Albrecht. remaining occupied and involved is necessary to satisfy late life.
ACTIVITY THEORY
Cumming and Henry. Gradual withdrawal from society and relationships serves to maintain social equilibrium and promote internal reflection.
DISENGAGEMENT THEORY
Rose. The elderly prefer to segregate from society in an aging subculture sharing loss of status and societal negativity regarding the aged.
SUBCULTURE THEORY
Havighurst. Personality influences role of life satisfaction and remains consistent throughout life.
CONTINUITY THEORY
Riley. Society is stratified by age groups that are the basis for acquiring resources, roles, status and deference from others.
AGE STRATIFICATION THEORY
Lawton. Function is affected by ego strength, mobility, health, cognition, sensory perception and the environment.
PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT THEORY
Explain aging in terms of mental processes, emotions, attitudes, motivation, and personality development that is characterized by life stage transitions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
Maslow. Five basic needs motivate human behavior in a lifelong process toward need fulfilment.
HUMAN NEEDS
Personality consists of an ego and personal and collective unconsciousness that views life from a personal or external perspective.
INDIVIDUALISM THEORY
Erikson. Personality develops in eight sequential stages with corresponding life tasks. The eighth phase, integrity versus despair, is characterized by evaluating life accomplishments.
STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Life stages are predictable and structured by roles, relationship, values and goals.
LIFE-COURSE/LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT
explains that physiologic processes that change with aging.
BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF AGING
based on random events that cause cellular damage that accumulates as the organism ages.
STOCHASTIC THEORIES
membranes, nucleic acid and proteins are damaged by free radicals which causes cellular injury.
FREE RADICAL THEORY
errors in DNA and RNA synthesis occurs with aging.
ORGEL/ERROR THEORY
cells wears out and cannot function with aging.
WEAR AND TEAR THEORY
with aging, proteins impede metabolic processes and cause trouble with getting nutrients to cells and removing cellular waste products.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE THEORY/CROSS LINK THEORY
cells divide until they are no longer able to and this triggers to apoptosis or cell death.
PROGRAMMED THEORY
the distal appendages of the chromosomes arm.
TELOMERES
cells have a genetically programmed aging code.
GENE/BIOLOGICAL CLOCK THEORY
problems with the hypothalamus-pituitary-endocrine gland feedback system causes disease.
NEUROENDOCRINE THEORY