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Midterm Studying > Week 1 - 1129 > Flashcards

Week 1 - 1129 Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to do work or cause change

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3
Q

What is ionizing radiation?

A

Radiation that produces ions when passing through matter, causing damage to biologic tissues

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4
Q

What is radiation protection?

A

The methods used to protect people from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation

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5
Q

What is diagnostic efficacy?

A

The accuracy in diagnostic imaging in revealing the presence or absence of disease

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6
Q

What is the ALARA principle?

A

The practice of keeping radiation exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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7
Q

What is an atom?

A

The building block of matter, consisting of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) that’s surrounded by Electrons in electron shells

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8
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons

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9
Q

What is a proton?

A

A positively charged particle in the nucleus

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10
Q

What is the charge of neutrons?

A

Neutral charge

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11
Q

What is binding energy?

A

The energy required to separate particles bound by electromagnetic or nuclear forces

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12
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the outermost shell

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13
Q

What are functions of valence electrons?

A

Can form chemical bonds or participate in ionization

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14
Q

What is ionization?

A

The process where an atom loses or gains an electron

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15
Q

What is a positive ion?

A

When an atom loses an electron

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16
Q

What is a negative ion?

A

If an atom gains an electron

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17
Q

What are x-rays?

A

A form of ionizing radiation used in medical imaging to produce diagnostic images

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18
Q

What is a major effect of ionization in human cells?

A

Can cause biologic damage such as mutations, cancer or other tissue damage

19
Q

What are the 3 cardinal rules of radiation protection?

A

Time, Distance and Shielding

20
Q

How can time be a factor of radiation protection?

A

Minimizing the time exposed to radiation

21
Q

How can distance be a factor in radiation protection?

A

Maximizing the distance from the radiation source

22
Q

How can shielding be a factor in radiation protection?

A

Using appropriate shielding like lead aprons will block or reduce radiation exposure

23
Q

What are radiation safety responsibilities of radiologists and radiographers?

A

To ensure safe use of radiation, maintain ALARA and protect patients and themselves by using appropriate exposure techniques

24
Q

What are radiation safety responsibilities of employers?

A

Implement and maintain a radiation safety program, perform audits and provide resources for radiation protection

25
Q

What are radiation safety responsibilities of radiation workers?

A

Follow workplace rules and procedures for radiation safety, including protective equipment and minimizing exposure

26
Q

When should patients chose to be exposed to radiation?

A

When the benefits of exposure outweigh the risks

27
Q

What does diagnostic efficacy ensure?

A

That the imaging procedure produces accurate and essential diagnostic information with the lowest radiation dose possible

28
Q

What should radiographers educate patients about?

A

Procedures, potential radiation risks and safety measures

29
Q

What is BERT?

A

Background equivalent radiation time which can be used to explain exposure in terms patients can understand

30
Q

What is excitation?

A

When an electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher level but remains in the atom and isn’t ejected

31
Q

What is atomic number?

A

The number on protons in a nucleus

32
Q

What symbol represents atomic number?

A

Z

33
Q

What is mass number?

A

The total numbers of protons and neutrons

34
Q

What symbol resents mass number?

A

A

35
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

36
Q

What are isobars?

A

Atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers

37
Q

What are isotones?

A

Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers

38
Q

What are isomers?

A

Atoms with the same atomic and mass number but different energy states

39
Q

What does BERT compare?

A

Medical radiation with natural background radiation which helps understand exposure

40
Q

What is an ionic pair?

A

When an electron gets removed from an atom it creates a free electron (Negative ion) and unstable atom with one less electron (Positive ion)

41
Q

What is standardized dose reporting?

A

Consolidated list of radiation doses for each procedure

42
Q

What is the benefit of standardized dose reporting?

A

Can help reduce overall exposure and assist physicians in making informed decisions on further imaging

43
Q

What is the TRACE program?

A

A dose awareness and reduction program that educates patients and healthcare professionals on the radiation risks

Midterm Studying (2 decks)

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