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NURS 3514 - Mental Health > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how widespread is mental health?

A
  • affects many Canadians both directly and indirectly

- about 1 in 5 Canadians

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2
Q

describe the effect of mental health on QOL

A
  • most significant to one’s emotional well-being & QOL
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3
Q

why is it important to understand the history of mental illness

A
  • to help understand the concept of recovery
  • learning about the history & treatment of individuals w mental illness eventually lead to the development of the concept of Recovery & Recovery Oriented Practice
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4
Q

describe the historical perspectives of mental health care & mental illness (6)

A
  • individuals were thought as evil spirits, demonic possessions, brain disturbances
  • individuals were killed, left to die, trephined (hole into back of skull to “release spirits”)
  • were banished outside the “city walls”
  • belief that people were affected by the moon (where “lunatic” came from)
  • churches sometimes looked after those w mental illness
  • started w barbaric treatment bc mental illness wasnt understood
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5
Q

what is an example of early forms of institutional care

A
  • Bethlehem (Bedlam) in 1400s –> oldest hospital for treating the mentally ill
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6
Q

describe the conditions of the Bethlehem hospital (3)

A
  • horrific conditions
  • v crowded
  • patients were treated like an exhibit to high society
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7
Q

what occurred in the 1700s r/t mental health care

A
  • more humane treatment began

- belief that the insane were ill, needed treatment, and should be under the care of physicians

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8
Q

what contribution did philippe phil in France make to mental health care

A
  • made efforts to stop abuses
  • instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as “moral therapy/treatment”
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9
Q

who is an example of a social reformer for mental health care/illness

A
  • dorthea dix
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10
Q

describe the contributions of Dorthea Dix for mental health care

A
  • visited inmates in prisons & saw a mix of people, including people w mental illness
  • came up with the idea for special, humane housing for people w mental illnesses, leading to large hospital = asylums
  • thought asylums would be good, but they were built away from general population/society in rural towns, and conditions became overcrowded, contibuted to stigma
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11
Q

what is considered the asylum era

A
  • the 19th and early 20th centuries
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12
Q

what are some characteristics of the asylum era/institutionalization (6)

A
  • lots of custodial care (ADLs)
  • overcrowding
  • pts cut off from society
  • occurrences of abuse
  • pts had no rights & families could have their family member committed –> pts wanted to leave but couldn’t
  • no effective treatment, but other “treatments” done
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13
Q

what are 3 examples of treatments done in asylums

A
  • hydrotherapy
  • insulin shock
  • lobotomy
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14
Q

what is hydrotherapy

A
  • involves exposing pts to water (bath, shower, etc.) for 3 days which they thought would cure them
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15
Q

what is insulin shock

A
  • a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several weeks
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16
Q

what is a lobotomy

A
  • barbaric treatment
  • nearly all pts received one
  • involves severing connections in the brain’s prefrontal cortex
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17
Q

describe pts post-lobotomy (4)

A
  • no emotions or feelings after
  • needed total care
  • no problem solving
  • no independence
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18
Q

what were some significant influences in the treatment of mental illness (6)

A
  • sigmund freud & psychoanalysis
  • intro of antipsychotic meds
  • canadian mental health association (CHHA)
  • mental health act
  • universal health care
  • new demands for research and education
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19
Q

what was the biggest factor in the treatment of mental illness

A
  • intro of antipsychotic meds in the 1950s –> until then there was no treatment
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20
Q

what are 2 examples of anti-psychotic medications-

A
  • Chlorpromazine

- haldol

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21
Q

what is the mental health act

A
  • created to protect pt rights

- sets out in law the admission and treatment requirements for patients in psychiatric facilities

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22
Q

what significant theories influenced mental health (6)

A
  • psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories
  • humanistic therapies
  • behavioral theories
  • cognitive theories
  • biological theories
  • interpersonal theories
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23
Q

review the study guide for theories posted on UM learn

A

….

24
Q

briefly describe the contributions of psychoanalysis to mental health care (2)

A
  • made the connection of trauma & dissociation

- considered how does developmental childhood contribute to mental illness

25
Q

briefly describe the contributions of humanistic therapies to mental health care (3)

A
  • includes Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
  • see potential/positive in people’s human behaviors
  • see positive potential in human beings
26
Q

briefly describe the contributions of behavioral therapy to mental health care (3)

A
  • involved rewarding good behavior
  • and negative consequences for bad behavior
  • some treatments were based on this
    ex. w eating disorders: if gain weight = rewarded w passes or privileges
27
Q

briefly describe the contribution of cognitive theories to mental health care

A
  • considered the relationship between negative thoughts and behaviors
28
Q

describe the nurses role in mental health care historically (3)

A
  • provided custodial care
  • conditions controlled by staff
  • medical model of care dominated –> pt was at the bottom & told what to do, no say in care
29
Q

describe Hildegard Peplau’s contribution to mental health care (4)

A
  • “grandmother of psychiatric nursing”
  • introduced change in publishing her nursing theory in Interpersonal Relations for Nursing
  • described the phases of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship (until then nurses only provided custodial care)
  • took students to talk to pts
30
Q

what occurred in the 1970s

A
  • era of deinstitutionalization –> shift to community care

- the vision of community mental health care

31
Q

describe the era of deinstitutionalization

A
  • saw that pts did not need to be asylums –> could live independently but needed supports
  • vision of community mental health: availability & equal access to all lvls of mental health prevention, treatment, and services would be available to those experiencing mental health problems
32
Q

what ended up happening w the era of deinstitutionalization

A
  • discharge huge #s of people into the community, thinking they would have community services, but there rlly wasn’t enough access to them
33
Q

define stigma

A
  • negative, discriminatory, and rejecting attitudes & behavior toward a characteristic or element exhibited by an individual or group
34
Q

describe the impact of stigma on individuals w mental illness

A
  • often the stigma of mental illness has a greater negative impact on an individual than the illness itself
35
Q

what are aspects of stigma (10)

A
  • public or social stigma
  • stereotyping, prejudicial attitudes
  • labelling –> ex. “pchixophrenic”
  • avoidance of seeking care
  • separating “them” from “us”
  • stigma by HCP
  • self-stigma
  • discrimination –> employment, rental, NIMBY
  • cultural variations
  • availability of research for mental illness/health
36
Q

what is self-stigma

A
  • the feeling that its wrong to be struggling w mental health
  • the feeling that you’re not good enough
37
Q

describe cultural variations r/t stigma

A
  • may restrict expression of emotion
  • may not be able to talk about mental health in certain cultures
  • come cultures are hesitant to recognize mental illness as a problem
38
Q

define mental health

A
  • a state of well-being in which the individual realizes their own abilities, can cope w the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to their community
  • the capacity to feel, think, act in ways that enhance our ability to enjoy life and deal w the challenges we face
39
Q

what is critical w mental health

A
  • adaptability
40
Q

define mental health problem

A
  • diminished capacities, whether cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, etc. that interfere w person’s enjoyment of life
41
Q

define mental illness (3)

A
  • all diagnosable mental disorders
  • health conditions characterized by major/significant alterations in thinking, mood, behavior
  • associated w distress and/or impaired functioning
42
Q

define serious mental illness

A
  • encompass illnesses w potential to be more incapacitating
43
Q

what is used by professionals for diagnosis of mental disorders

A
  • diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V)
44
Q

describe the universality of mental health

A
  • everyone has the potential to be mentally healthy

- you can have a mental illness but be mentally healthy

45
Q

describe the relationship between mental health & physical health

A
  • mental health shapes the way we think, feel, and communicate
  • you can be physically ill but mentally healthy
46
Q

what is mental health promotion

A
  • the process of enhancing the capacity of individuals and communities to take control over their lives & improve their mental health
47
Q

what are significant influences in mental health care today (3)

A
  • senator michael kirby
  • mental health commission of Canada
  • canadian mental health strategy
48
Q

describe the influence of senator michael kirby on mental health care today (3)

A
  • highlighted fragmented care –> difficulties in access between urban and rural area
  • social, economic, and policy considerations
  • “out of the shadows at last”
49
Q

describe the influence of the Mental Health Comission of Canada on mental health care today

A
  • provide research, grants, etc.
50
Q

what was the first canadian mental health strategy

A
  • Changing directions, changing lives
51
Q

what are the 6 strategic directions of changing direction, changing lives mental health strategy

A
  • promotion & prevention
  • recovery & rights
  • access to services
  • disparities & diversity
  • first nations, inuit, and metis
  • leadership & collaboration
52
Q

what recent shift in philosophy occurred in r/t mental health care

A
  • biomedical model –> recovery oriented practice
53
Q

describe the approach in the biomedical model

A
  • top down approach (idrk what this means)
54
Q

describe recovery oriented practice (4)

A
  • envisioned as a path rather than a destination w an endpoint –> may not mean a cure
  • conveys a vision of meaning, purpose, hope, and fulfilling dreams in one’s life
  • involves “consumers” taking a much more active role to regain power and control –> necessary for self-dignity and self-determinations
  • includes understanding the lived experiences of others (personal stories, artwork, etc.)
55
Q

define recovery

A
  • a non-linear process of self-organization and adaptation that offsets the personal disintegration of mental illness and enables the individual to reconceive his or her sense of self & wellbeing on all biopsychosocial levels
56
Q

what is a more local public policy the is a significant influence in mental health care today

A
  • “Recovery: hope changes everything –> a guide to recovery-oriented system transformation in Manitoba”

NURS 3514 - Mental Health (11 decks)

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