Week 1 Flashcards
Abdominal Region
Right hypochondrium, epigastric region, left hypochondrium, right flank, umbilical region, left flank, right groin, pubic region, left groin
Digestive system
foregut = esophagus - 1/2 proximal duodenum midgut = 1/2 distal duodenum - 2/3 proximal transverse colon hindgut = 1/3 distal colon transverse - sigmoid colon (sebenernya hingga canalis analis)
Abdominal Pain
mechanical and physical stimuli
stretch, distention, contraction, traction, compression, torsion, dll
Enteric plexus
myenteric and…
afferent fibres
intrinsic tidak ke CNS, extrinsic melibatkan CNS
Pain types
viseral = rangsangan pada organ viseral, sakit tidak terasa di tempat spesifik somatik = rangsangan iritasi peritoneum parietal, saki terasa pada tempat iritasi reffered = konvergensi dari aferen visera dan somatik menuju korda spinalis, sakit terasa pada cutan
Pain types (tdk terkait organ)
neurogenik = rasa terbakar psychogenic = psychological stress
Viseral Pain di bagian apa?
epigastric = foregut periumbical = midgut suprapubic = hindgut
Referred pain di bagian apa?
Tergantung dermatome
contoh : bahu dan leher = hepar dan gallbalader
Abdominal pain karena apa
Pain originating in the abdomen Pain referred from extra-abdominal source (cardiothoracic or genitalia) Metabolic causes (diabetes, uremia) Neurologic/psychiatric causes (herpes zoster, functional disorders, tabes dorsalis) Toxic causes (poisoning, venom) Uncertain mechanisms (narcotics, heat stroke)
Diagnostics Abdominal pain
OLDCHART atau PQRS
P3 - Positional, palliating, and provoking factors
Q - Quality
R3 - Region, radiation, referral 5 - Severity
T3 - Temporal factors (time and mode of onset, progression, previous episodes)
Surgical Abdomen needed when?
obstructive syndrome and peritonitis
nanti ada gejala unstable vs, fever, dehydration kecuali kalo pasien imunosupresif/on imunosupresants
Congenital anomalies
birth defects, congenital disorders or congenital malformations.
structural or functional
embryo layers
endoderm = epithelium mucosa, mucosal gland, submucosa gland GI
mesoderm = lamina propria, mucosa muscularis, jar.ikat submucoa dan vasa, adventia/serosa
neural crest = neuron dan nervus
Cleft Lip
hypoplasia mesenkim, gagal fusi nasal medial dan maksila
Cleft palate
mirip lip tapi lebih ke palatum
gagal fusi dari palatum
Atresia
interupsi dari tubulus lumen
Stenosis
Penyempitan lumen
Duplication
incomplete recanalization resulting in parallel lumens, salah satu bentuk stenosis
Hernia
abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides
Fistula
koneksi antara dua saluran yg abnormal
Tipe Atresia
esofageal, duodenal,
Tipe Fistula
tracheo-esophageal,
Tipe Hernia
hiatal (sliding, paraesofagal),
Tipe stenosis
pyloric (nanti olive shape pas palpasi) (doble bubble)
Meckel Diverticulum
omphalomesenteric gut (awalnya fungsinya untuk menghubungkan yolk sac dengan intestine, harusnya minggu 7 udah hilang)
Ileal Diverticulum
tipe2nya ada di anatomi juga, boleh di anats aja ya wkwk
Gastrochisis/Omphalocele
kalo gastrochisis, intestine keluar lewat lubang di abdomen
kalo omphalocele intestin, hepar, dan organ lain masih dalam sac embryo
Hernia congenital
usus keluar dari umbilikus
Intussusceoption
biasanya bagian usus halus masuk kedalam caecum
Hirschsprung Disease
colon enlarged, no nerves in distal part, collapsed rectum
Congenital megacolon
failure to pass meconium (anak baru lahir pertama pup), distensi abdomen, muntah bilous
pup gabisa keluar karena colon membesar –> bagian proksimal dilatasi krna akumulasi –> stasis –> enterocolitis, sepsis
