Week 1 Flashcards
What are the english vowels?
A, E, I, O, U
What is a many to one relationship?
Many different letters for the same sound (do, loop, two, through)
What is a one to many relationship?
Same letter can represent many sounds (game, dad, father, call, sofa)
What is the correspondence between symbols (letters) and sounds?
NOT one-to-one
When can two letters equal one sound?
Choose, tough, through, deal, phone
When can one letter make two sounds?
Exit, axe
When can one letter make no sound?
soften, comb, make, pneumonia, gnat
Internal Phonetic Association
- Founded in France in 1886 by a group of Language Teachers
- Developed the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What is the International Phonetic Alphabet?
- Maps one sound to one symbol and vice versa
- Can represent all of the speech sounds of languages of the world and possible sounds in disordered speech
- Allows any practiced reader to produce native-sounding speech in any language
How are the IPA Charts organized?
-The IPA charts (consonant and vowel) are organized based on how we make/produce/articulate sounds with our mouthes.
What 3 systems contribute to the production of speech?
- Respiratory System
- Phonatory System (Laryngeal System)
- Larynx, Glottis, Vocal Folds - Articulatory System (Supra-laryngeal System)
- Vocal tract, Articulators, and Supralaryngeal Area
What is the Larynx?
Houses the vocal folds
What are Vocal Folds?
Elastic folds of tissue
What is the Glottis?
Space between the vocal folds
Vocal folds can be ___________ or ___________
Abducted or adducted
When vocal folds vibrate it is called?
Phonation or Voicing
What is the rate of vocal fold vibration?
Fundamental frequency (F0)
Fundamental Frequency
The rate changes as we speak due to lexical stress and intonation.
What are the 3 cavities of the Spuralaryngral Vocal Tract?
- Pharynx
- Oral Cavity
- Nasal Cavity
What does articulation mean?
“joining together”
Do passive articulators move or stay still?
Stay still, do not move
Where do active articulators move to?
Move towards passive articulators
Why do sounds differ?
Depends on which articulators are brought together and how closely they approximate to each other
What are lingual sounds?
Sounds made with the tongue
Where is bilabial articulation?
Upper and lower lip
Where is labiodental articulation?
Lower lip and upper teeth
Where is dental/interdental articulation?
Tongue tip and upper front teeth
Where is alveolar articulation?
Tongue tip or blade and alveolar ridge
Where is postalveolar articulation?
Tongue blade and behind alveolar ridge/ frontal palatal region
Where is palatal articulation?
Tongue front/center and hard palate
Where is velar articulation?
Back of tongue and Velum
Where is glottal articulation?
Vocal folds
What is Nasals (or nasal stops)?
Complete closure of the articulators in the oral cavity, but the nasal cavity is open, allowing air to escape through the nose.
Where can the soft palate/velum move?
Can be moved up or down
When the soft palate/velum is moved up what happens?
Air is blocked from entering the nasal cavity
When the soft palate/velum is moved down what happens?
Air may pass through the nasal cavity.
What happens in nasal stops?
Air passes through the nose but does not pass through the mouth
What’s a speaking style that does not use vocal fold vibration?
Whispering
