Week 1 Flashcards
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Feedforward systems work at the same time as feedback systems.
Feedforward systems operate to prevent the controlled variable from changing.
Feedforward systems are switched on after the controlled variable has changed.
Feedforward systems can work in opposite ways to negative feedback systems.
Feedforward systems are switched on after the controlled variable has changed.
What is diffusion
Diffusion is movement from an area where the concentration of an ion or molecule is high to an area where the concentration is low.
Any molecule can pass freely through the cell membrane.
Incorrect, A cell membrane is semi-permeable, meaning it allows certain things through such as oxygen and water but not others like glucose and potassium without a transport train.
What percentage of Body water is Extracellular Fluid
33%
What does increasing the sympathetic activity do to blood pressure?
Increases blood pressure
True or false? Feedforward systems are switched on after the controlled variable has changed
False
How many phosphate molecules are in ADP
Two
What is the difference between afferent pathway and efferent pathway?
Efferent pathways carry signals away from the central nervous system whereas Afferent carry signals to the central nervous system
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
It controls automatic systems that we have no control over suh as heart rate.
What is Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature above the setpoint
What is the feed forward system and what are the benefits or uses of the feed forward system?
The feed forward system is designed to prevent any negative feedback mechanisms to occur. It anticipates changes that will occur such as entering a cold atmosphere the feed forward system will trigger your blood vessels to go deeper into the body to prevent heat loss and therefore you begin to look whiter in complexion. This occurs prior to the shivering that one will experience from the negative feedback system.
During exercise does the parasympathetic activity increase or decrease in activity?
Decrease
A control System enables us to control what important variables in the body?
Control system for blood pressure
Movement of Ions through channels can only occur down the concentration gradient - True or False
True
What is the optimal body temperature
36.5-37.5 degrees which is called the thermoneutrual zone
What are negative feedback systems?
Negative feedback systems are sense changes in the controlled variable and implement responses to return the controlled variable back to the setpoint.
The lipid component of the cell membrane is attracted to water.
Incorrect, the lipid component hates water which is why it forms the inner face of the cell membrane.
What is the difference between diffusion and active transport?
diffusion moves molecules down concentration gradient while active transport takes them against concentration gradient. Simple diffusion is passive, which means it does not require energy, while active transport does.
How much ATP does one use each day?
The ATP used each day is roughly the same amount you weigh.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
Negative feedback systems prevent to set point from changing.
Negative feedback systems prevent the controlled variable from changing.
Negative feedback systems prevent the controlled variable from moving away from the set point.
Negative feedback systems return the controlled variable to the set point after it has been disturbed.
Negative feedback systems return the controlled variable to the set point after it has been disturbed.
Which of the following lists components of a control system in the correct order?
Controller; afferent pathway; sensor; efferent pathway; effector
Controller; efferent pathway; effector; efferent pathway; sensor
Sensor; efferent pathway; controller; afferent pathway; effector
Sensor; afferent pathway; controller; efferent pathway; effector
Sensor; afferent pathway; controller; efferent pathway; effector
Cell membrane pumps move ions against their concentration gradient
Correct, they always move against the concentration gradient.