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Weeek 6 Flashcards

Seansation and Perception (67 cards)

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1
Q

sensation

A

detecting physical energy with our sense organs

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2
Q

perception

A

the brains interpretation of the raw sensory information

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3
Q

does sensation always match perception

A

no

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4
Q

illusion

A

our perception does not match the physical reality

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5
Q

transduction

A

conversion of an external stimulus into a neural signal

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6
Q

sensory receptors

A

specialized cells designed to convert a certain kind of external information into a neural signal

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7
Q

sensory adaptation

A

sensory neurons adjust their sensitivity based on recent stimulus history

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8
Q

after effets

A

opposing sensory or perceptual distortions that occur after adaptation

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9
Q

steps of a perception

A
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10
Q

parts of a wave: crest, wavelength, trough, amplitude

A
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11
Q

loud sound

A

high amplitude

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12
Q

low sound

A

low frequency

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13
Q

For light, what psychological sensation corresponds to the wavelength of a light wave?

A

color

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14
Q

gamma, x-rays, UV

A

higher frequency

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15
Q

light spectrum

A
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16
Q

brighter light has

A

higher amplitudes

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17
Q

Do you think that by doubling the amplitude of a light wave, you would also double the perceived brightness?

A

no

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18
Q

psychophysics

A

the study of how our sensations (psychological events) correspond to physical events in the world

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19
Q

absolute threshold

A

the lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change 50% of the time

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20
Q

Just noticeable differences

A

the smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect

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21
Q

webers law

A

the stronger the stimulus, the bigger the change needed to detect it

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22
Q

signal

A

what you are trying to detect

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23
Q

noise

A

similar stimuli that might compete with the signal and interfere with your ability to detect the signal

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24
Q

signal to noise ratio

A

Difficult of detecting the signal depends on the strength of the signal in relation to the strength of the noise

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25
You were searching for your lost phone, which has an orange case. When you see a part of your orange t-shirt peeking out from a pile of clothes, for a moment you think it is your phone! You have just experienced a ______.
false alarm
26
attention
We know that attention is (at least somewhat) like a filter because of effects that show streams of information popping through the filter.
27
Dichotic listening
play different information through each ear of headphones. Inofmation reported only through the attended ear
28
cocktail party effect
happens when important information pops out in a conversation that you are no attending
29
inattentional blindness
occurs when unattended stimuli are ignored as if they werent true
30
bottom up processing
- constructing a representation from parts and basic features - Starts with the raw data and construct meaning from that - example) puzzle
31
top down processing
- processing influenced by previous experience and knowledge - Start with meaning and use it to understand a stimulus - example) dog image - sunny day in the park audio
32
sensations sensation bottom up or top down processing
bottom up
33
is perception bottom up or top down processing
both
34
perceptual step
set formed when our expectations influence our perceptions
35
sclera
the white part of the eye
36
pupil
circular hole where light entersq
37
iris
colored portion of the eye that controls pupil size (letting in more or less light)
38
cornea
Curved, transparent layer covering the iris and pupil that helps focus light
39
lens
oval shaped disc that bends light
40
accomodation
changing of lens shape to focus on near/far objects
41
eyelid, pupil, slcera, iris
42
eye anatomy
43
myopia
eye is too long - nearsightedness
44
hyperopia
eye is too short - farsightedness
45
retina
membrane at the back of the eye responsible for converting light into a neural signal
46
fovea
central portion of the retina, responsible for visual acuity - very small, takes up one percent of retina
47
acuity
sharpness of vision
48
saccades
small jerky movements of the eye allowing for rapid changes of focus
49
rods
- Respond under low levels of light - Not color sensitive - More common outside of fovea
50
cones
◦ Sensitive to fine detail ◦ Primarily located in fovea ◦ Color Sensitive ◦ Less plentiful than rods
51
optic nerve
bundle of axons that travel from the retina to the brain
52
blind spot
area of the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye
53
neural pathway
54
white objects
reflect all light
55
black objects
reflect no light
56
hue
the color of light corresponds to wavelength
57
opponent process theory
we perceive color in terms of three pairs of opponent colors
58
color blindess
inability to see some o all colors
59
binocular vs monocular depth cues
two eyes vs one eye
59
depth perception
ability to judge distance and spatial relations
60
binocular disparity
convergence
61
monocular depth cues
relative size texture gradient interposition linear perspective height in plane light and shadow motion paradox
62
perceptual constnacy
perceive stimuli as consistent across stimuli
63
shape constancy
perceived shape is constant even tho image on retina changes
64
size constancy
perceive stimuli as consistent across varied conditions
65
color constancy
perceive stimuli as consistent across varied conditions
66

PSYCH 100 (7 decks)

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