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PSYCH 100 > Weeek 6 > Flashcards

Weeek 6 Flashcards

Seansation and Perception

1
Q

sensation

A

detecting physical energy with our sense organs

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2
Q

perception

A

the brains interpretation of the raw sensory information

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3
Q

does sensation always match perception

A

no

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4
Q

illusion

A

our perception does not match the physical reality

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5
Q

transduction

A

conversion of an external stimulus into a neural signal

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6
Q

sensory receptors

A

specialized cells designed to convert a certain kind of external information into a neural signal

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7
Q

sensory adaptation

A

sensory neurons adjust their sensitivity based on recent stimulus history

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8
Q

after effets

A

opposing sensory or perceptual distortions that occur after adaptation

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9
Q

steps of a perception

A
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10
Q

parts of a wave: crest, wavelength, trough, amplitude

A
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11
Q

loud sound

A

high amplitude

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12
Q

low sound

A

low frequency

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13
Q

For light, what psychological sensation corresponds to the wavelength of a light wave?

A

color

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14
Q

gamma, x-rays, UV

A

higher frequency

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15
Q

light spectrum

A
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16
Q

brighter light has

A

higher amplitudes

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17
Q

Do you think that by doubling the amplitude of a light wave, you would also double the perceived brightness?

A

no

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18
Q

psychophysics

A

the study of how our sensations (psychological events) correspond to physical events in the world

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19
Q

absolute threshold

A

the lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change 50% of the time

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20
Q

Just noticeable differences

A

the smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect

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21
Q

webers law

A

the stronger the stimulus, the bigger the change needed to detect it

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22
Q

signal

A

what you are trying to detect

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23
Q

noise

A

similar stimuli that might compete with the signal and interfere with your ability to detect the signal

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24
Q

signal to noise ratio

A

Difficult of detecting the signal depends on the strength of the signal in relation to the strength of the noise

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25
Q

You were searching for your lost phone, which has an orange case. When you see a part of your orange t-shirt peeking out from a pile of clothes, for a moment you think it is your phone! You have just experienced a ______.

A

false alarm

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26
Q

attention

A

We know that attention is (at least somewhat) like a filter because of effects that show streams of information popping through the filter.

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27
Q

Dichotic listening

A

play different information through each ear of headphones. Inofmation reported only through the attended ear

28
Q

cocktail party effect

A

happens when important information pops out in a conversation that you are no attending

29
Q

inattentional blindness

A

occurs when unattended stimuli are ignored as if they werent true

30
Q

bottom up processing

A
  • constructing a representation from parts and basic features
  • Starts with the raw data and construct meaning from that
  • example) puzzle
31
Q

top down processing

A
  • processing influenced by previous experience and knowledge
  • Start with meaning and use it to understand a stimulus
  • example) dog image
  • sunny day in the park audio
32
Q

sensations sensation bottom up or top down processing

A

bottom up

33
Q

is perception bottom up or top down processing

A

both

34
Q

perceptual step

A

set formed when our expectations influence our perceptions

35
Q

sclera

A

the white part of the eye

36
Q

pupil

A

circular hole where light entersq

37
Q

iris

A

colored portion of the eye that controls pupil size (letting in more or less light)

38
Q

cornea

A

Curved, transparent layer covering the iris and pupil that helps focus light

39
Q

lens

A

oval shaped disc that bends light

40
Q

accomodation

A

changing of lens shape to focus on near/far objects

41
Q

eyelid, pupil, slcera, iris

A
42
Q

eye anatomy

A
43
Q

myopia

A

eye is too long
- nearsightedness

44
Q

hyperopia

A

eye is too short
- farsightedness

45
Q

retina

A

membrane at the back of the eye responsible for converting light into a neural signal

46
Q

fovea

A

central portion of the retina, responsible for visual acuity
- very small, takes up one percent of retina

47
Q

acuity

A

sharpness of vision

48
Q

saccades

A

small jerky movements of the eye allowing for rapid changes of focus

49
Q

rods

A
  • Respond under low levels of light
  • Not color sensitive
  • More common outside of fovea
50
Q

cones

A

◦ Sensitive to fine detail
◦ Primarily located in fovea
◦ Color Sensitive
◦ Less plentiful than rods

51
Q

optic nerve

A

bundle of axons that travel from the retina to the brain

52
Q

blind spot

A

area of the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye

53
Q

neural pathway

A
54
Q

white objects

A

reflect all light

55
Q

black objects

A

reflect no light

56
Q

hue

A

the color of light corresponds to wavelength

57
Q

opponent process theory

A

we perceive color in terms of three pairs of opponent colors

58
Q

color blindess

A

inability to see some o all colors

59
Q

binocular vs monocular depth cues

A

two eyes vs one eye

59
Q

depth perception

A

ability to judge distance and spatial relations

60
Q

binocular disparity

A

convergence

61
Q

monocular depth cues

A

relative size
texture gradient
interposition
linear perspective
height in plane
light and shadow
motion paradox

62
Q

perceptual constnacy

A

perceive stimuli as consistent across stimuli

63
Q

shape constancy

A

perceived shape is constant even tho image on retina changes

64
Q

size constancy

A

perceive stimuli as consistent across varied conditions

65
Q

color constancy

A

perceive stimuli as consistent across varied conditions

66
Q
A

PSYCH 100 (7 decks)

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