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Weed Science > Weed Test 4 > Flashcards

Weed Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Planting Corn

A 
plant on beds
mid mar-apr
30,000-35,000 plants per acre
emergence 7-10 days
replanting not uncommon
high fertility and water requirements
grows rapidly in warm weather
count collars to describe stage of growth
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2
Q

Plant back restrictions

A

be aware of previous crops and herbicides

be aware of rotation restrictions after corn

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3
Q

Major weed control considerations

A

burndown or clean at planting
early competition causes yield loss
late germinating weeds cause harvest problems
late germinating weeds increase weed seed in soil seed bank
weeds interfere with irrigation

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4
Q

Major weeds in corn

A 
moringglory (#1)
pigweed
prickly sida
velvetleaf
cocklebur
barnyardgrass
broadleaf signalgrass
crabgrass
Johnsongrass
nutsedge
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5
Q

Bicep II

A

Premix

Dual II + Atrazine

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6
Q

Bicep Magnum

A

Premix

Dual Magnum + Atrazine

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7
Q

Guardsman Max

A

Premix

Outlook + Atrazine

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8
Q

Fulltime

A

Premix

Surpass + Atrazine

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9
Q

Harness Extra

A

Premix

Harness + Atrazine

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10
Q

Roundup ready corn

A

alllows total POST program
allows late season applications
protects from glyphosate drift

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11
Q

Major Herbicides in corn

A 
Atrazine
Glyphosate
Metolachlor
Rimsulfuron
Mizotrium
Halosulfuron
Nicosulfuron
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12
Q

Preemergence Options

A

Chloroacetamides (good on grasses), rainfall dependent
Atrazine (good on broadleaves), not long residual, can’t be applied past 12in corn
Tank mixes or or premixes

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13
Q

Why roundup ready corn

A 
3 applications
up to 1 qt/A/app
30in height V8
convenient
good varieties adapted to Arkansas
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14
Q

best technology available for corn

A

roundup ready + liberty link corn
can spray with glyphosate or glufosinate
best over the top

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15
Q

best weed program for corn

A 
burndown
clean at planting
metolachlor 1.5 pts behind planter
atrazine 1.5 qts when stand confirmed
glyphosate + 3 oz Callisto when atrazine breaks
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16
Q

Latest application reminders

A

12in - atrazine
24in - callisto
12in - lexar (contains atrazine)

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17
Q

late season morningglory control

A

atrazine + dual mag (pre or early post)

roundup + callisto (late to post at 20-24in)

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18
Q

best weed program for grain sorghum

A

metolachlor at planting
atrazine or atrazine + metolachlor when stand established
must have protected seed before using chloroacetamides

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19
Q

Paramount

A

barnyardgrass, crabgrass, signalgrass
5.3-8oz pre or post to 12in
do not apply by air

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20
Q

Peak

A

wide spectrum broadleaf herbicide (not pigweed)
5-30in sorghum, 2in weed
0.5-.75 oz/A

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21
Q

Paraquat

A 
annual grasses and broadleaf weeds
1-2pts/A (use surfactant)
sorghum must be 12in or taller
must be direct sprayed under hoods
spray cannot touch more than lower 3in of stalk
cause injury
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22
Q

Prowl

A 
prowl 3.3EC
4in to layby
1.8-2.4 pts/A
cultivate prior to application cover base with soil
incorporate after application
requires more management but cheaper
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23
Q

Inzen grain sorghum

A

game changer
new mode of action
product used: Zest (nicosulfuron)

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24
Q

Forage weed problems

A

lack of management (fertility, lime, overgrazing)
no weed control (only 5-10% AR pastures sprayed)
lack of weed control knowledge (part-timers, hobbyists)

25
Q

Spray first or fertilize

A

Spray. SO weeds don’t take up the nutrients intended for the grasses. Control your existing weeds then have soil-test done to know the best lime and fertilizer program

26
Q

Economic threshold of pasture

A

spray when weeds are more than 20% of pasture

27
Q

Grazing for weed control

A

keep weeds small (more palatable)
many weeds have same protein levels as forages
have to have good fencing and enough livestock to work

28
Q

Mowing for weed control

A

reduces seeds
mowing 3x year for 2 years provides 80-90% control in most species
too late to prevent competition
no selectivity
perennials regrow
consistency is the key for effective weed control

29
Q

Easy to control pasture weeds

A

broadleaf weeds in grass pastures

winter weeds in dormant bermudagrass

30
Q

Hard to control pasture weeds

A

summer grasses in bermudagrass
broadleaf weeds in legumes
sedges
fescue in bermudagrass

31
Q

Spray winter annuals

A

(henbit, chickweed, buttercup, thistles)

dec-mar

32
Q

Spray summer annuals

A

(spiny amaranth, bitter sneezeweed)

apr-july

33
Q

Legumes

A

est after good weed control 1-2 years

2,4-D amine safe on white clover and lespedeza

34
Q

2, 4-D amine

A

most common pasture weeds
buttercup, thistle, ragweed, pigweed
cheapest ($35 for 2.5gal)
$3.50/A (1 qt rate)

35
Q

Banvel + 2, 4-D

A 
(dicamba + 2, 4-D)
controls most common pasture weeds
buttercup, thistle, ragweed, pigweed, red sorrel, plantain
$69 for 2.5gal
$5.25/A (1.5 pt rate)
36
Q

Grazon P+D

A

controls most common pasture weeds
buttercup, thistle, ragweed, pigweed, red sorrel, plantain
$81 for 2.5gal
$6/A (1.5 pt rate)

37
Q

GrazonNext

A 
(aminopyralid + 2, 4-D)
broadleaf weed control
7 day haying control
1.5-2.6 pt/A
damages legumes
restricted use
38
Q

Prowl H20

A 
BASF
pendimethalin
apply only to dormant bermudagrass
should not be applied less than 60 days prior to hay harvest or 45 days to grazing
2.1-3.2 qt/A
39
Q

Pastora

A

metsulfuron + nicosulfuron
stunt bermudagrass temporarily
use on est bermudagrass only
tank mix with 2, 4-D amine to improve thistle, ragweed, and plantain control

40
Q

buttercup

A

treat seedling stage (late winter- early spring)
1-2pt/A 2,4-D
grazon P+D
weedmaster

41
Q

pigweed

A 
treat when small (2-4in)
early may
ally/cimarron
grazon P+D
2,4-D
germinates all summer repeat as needed
42
Q

thistle

A 
late fall or early spring
treat at rosette leaf stage
2,4-D ester
weedmaster
grazon P+D
43
Q

outrider

A 
johnsongrass control
use surfactant
18-24in
spray after regrows after first cutting (june)
must be actively growing
good temps and good moisture
don't spray big, tough, full seedhead, drought stressed
if not actively growing it won't kill it
44
Q

keys to weed control turf

A

learn to identify and know weed life cycle
good turf maintenance
prevent weed introduction
start control program

45
Q

identifying weeds

A

read textbooks and periodicals
keep diagnostic tool kit (hand lens etc)
know biology of the weed
confirm identification and diagnosis

46
Q

grasses

A

monocot
hollow stem
leaves in 2 vertical rows

47
Q

sedges

A

triangular solid stem

leaves in 3 vertical rows

48
Q

broadleaves

A

dicot

showy flowers

49
Q

monocots that are not grasses or sedges

A 
wild garlic (lily family)
path rush (rush family)
star or bethlehem (lily family)
50
Q

summer annuals

A 
germinate in spring
soil temp 55
flower in summer
die in fall- first frost
ex: crabgrass, goosegrass, shephard's purses
51
Q

winter annuals

A

germinate in fall
grow until spring
die late spring or early summer
ex: henbit, chickweed, spurges

52
Q

biennials

A

completes life cycle in 2 years
flowering and seed production second year
ex: wild carrot, bull thistle

53
Q

perennials

A

capable of living more than 2 years by producing rhizomes or tubers
ex:cool- dandelion, clover
warm- nutsedge, dallisgras

54
Q

good turf practices

A 
use adapted turfgrass
fertilization
watering
mow correctly
disease and insect control
drainage
compaction relief
55
Q

mow at correct height

A

mowing shorter tends to take out crabgrass in tall fescue

56
Q

fertilize correctly

A

excess nitrogen promotes common chickweed, ryegrass, annual bluegrass
low nitrogen leads to clovers, lespedeza, mosses, speedwell
high phosphorus encourages annual bluegrass
low soil pH and general fertility favors red sorrel and broomsedge

57
Q

weed prevention in turf

A
  1. eternal vigilance- do not let weeds go to seed- 1 year’s seedling= 7 years of weeding
  2. use weed free planting material
  3. weed-free top soil
  4. clean equipment
  5. clean borders (ditches, fencerows)
58
Q

where it can go wrong

A 
herbicide error is 99% human error
calibration errror
wrong herbicide
wrong timing
wrong weed identification
formulation error
failure to make follow up applications
bad product
weather
surfactant
know the product
59
Q

compatibility in the tank

A

physical- can it clabber in the tank (2,4-D amine and MSMA)
chemical- loss of activity due to tank mix interaction (certainty with amine and 2,4-D)
mode of action- rapid burn product with slow acting translocated product (Roundup and Reward or Finale)

Weed Science (6 decks)

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