Wed - lower respiratory infectious disease

Question 1

grow pertussis on what

Answer 1

used to be bordet-gengou agar

now it’s regan-lowe medium (blood, charcoal, antibiotic)

Question 2

what is pertussis resistant to

Answer 2

cephalexin/penicillin

Question 3

general look of pertussis

Answer 3

gram -

coccobacilli, pleomorphic

Question 4

some virulence factors of the influenza virus

Answer 4

viral hemagglutinin (HA) envelope protein makes contact with sialic acid on cell surfaces (leads to endocytosis). The viral neurominidase (NA) envelope protein is important for cleaving HA bound to sialic acid, this permits viral spread.

Question 5

antigenic drift vs antigenic shift

which influenza viruses participate in this?

Answer 5

antigenic drift occurs when minor changes in antigens occur due to gene mutation in influenza virus (influenza A and B)

antigenic SHIFT occurs when major changes in antigens occur due to gene reassortment in influenza virus (i.e. two different viruses combine their RNA to make a new one) (influenza A)

Question 6

what makes rusty blood colored sputum

Answer 6

s. pneumo (alpha hemolytic so you get a rust color)

Question 7

what makes green sputum

Answer 7

pseudomonal, h. flu, pneumococcal

Question 8

what makes sputum brightly blood tinged aka “red currant-jelly” colored

Answer 8

Klebsiella (gamma hemolytic - doesn’t rust the blood)

Question 9

what produces foul smelling or bad tasting sputum

Answer 9

anerobic infections

Question 10

three common cold viruses

Answer 10

Rhino, Corona, Adeno

Question 11

what makes you think klebsiella

Answer 11

cavitary upper lobe lesion

homeless

alcoholic

bright red speutum

Question 12

lobar pneumonia what are you thinking

Answer 12

s. pneumo (typical)

Question 13

organisms for atypical pneumo

Answer 13

mycoplasma
chlamydia
legionella (rare)