Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiology 101 > Webb Cardiac > Flashcards

Webb Cardiac Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Aortic stenosis features on radiograph

A

-Enlarged post stenotic ascending aorta
- small heart ; secondary to chronic compensation
- calcification of cardiac valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ct ratio normal value

Site of measure

A

0.55

Trans thoracic diameter at right hemi diaphragm
Maximum cardiac diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sign posts corresponding to what ?

left atrial enlargement
Ascending aorta enlargement
Right atrial enlargement

A

Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hoffman riggler sign

A

At 2 cm above the entry of the IVC at the level of diaphragm the distance between the posterior border of IVC and the left ventricle is more than 1.8 cm then the sign is positive

Suggestive of left ventricular enlargement feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mitral stenosis classical radiograph’s features

A

Pulmonary venous hypertension
Pulmonary edema
Enlargement of left atrium classical
Left arterial appendage enlargement Rheumatic ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pulmonary venous hypertension grading

A

Grade 1 upper lobe veins prominent
Grade two interstitial oedema
Grade three alveolar oedema

Pressure variant
12-19
20-25
>_ 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Caused n of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
Hemochromatosis
Amyloidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy classical features 1

A

Pulmonary venous hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Left ventricular aneurysm most common site

A

Antero lateral wall of apical wall of LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

False aneurysm of lv is seen most commonly at

A

Posterolateral wall of LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Points of difference from true anyersym for a false aneurysm

A

False :
Posterior wall of LV
Sequential increase in growth in studies
Formed by occlusion of circumflex/ right coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Left Av Aneurysm is formed by

A

Occlusion of left anterior descending artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs of complication of acyte MI on radiograph

A

Intractable pulmonary edema : papillary muscle rupture

Enlarged cardiac silhouette :pericardial effusion

Abnormal evagination of any one wall of the left ventricle : suggestive of aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Constrictive pericarditis most common cause

A

Iatrogenic; post operative bleeding secondary to cardiac revascularisation procedure

2nd most common : mediastinal irradiation

3rd most common : secondary t0 pericardial diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the right heart border in case of constrictive pericarditis

A

It becomes flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mitral regurgitation secondary to rheumatic etiology shows classically ———————-

A

Left atrial appendage enlargement ; rare in non rheumatic aetiologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes of main pulmonary artery enlargement : 6 causes

A

PAH
excess blood flow —- shunts / high output states
Valvular pulmonic stenosis
Pulmonary regurgitation
Absence of left pericardium
Aneurysm of pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension categories 5

A

1 : PAH resulting from PVH

2 PAH from left to right shunts resulting in pulmonary arteriolar disease

3 PAH from obliteration of vascular bed secondary to chronic lung disease

4 PAH from obliteration of vascular bed secondary to pulmonary embolism or schistosomiasis

5 primary pulmonary arterial hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Enlargement of right heart 6 in numbers

A

Pericardial fat pad
Eventration of diaphragmatic
Pericardial cyst
Cardiac tumours
Diaphragmatic tumours
Mediastinal tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LV mitral calcification indicates

A

Previous MI or ventricular aneurism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the unique feature of loeffler eosinophilic fibroplasia

A

Calcification of LV wall entirely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Classification of congenital heart diseases
Five groups name them

A

ACyanosis’// pulmonary arterial over circulation

Cyanotic// reduced pulmonary vascularity //
no cardiomeglay

Cyanotic// reduced pulmonary vascularity // cardiomeglay

Cyanotic with pulmonary arterial overcirculation

Patients with primary pulmonary venous congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Group 1 : —————

Examples 6

A

Acyantoic with pulmonary arterial over-circulation

ASD
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Atrioventricular septal defect
VSD
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
SHUNTS AT AORTIC VALVE LEVEL : aortic pulmonary window , ruptured sinus of valsalva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Group II : ——————

Number

A

Cyanotic , decreased pulmonary vascularity , no cardiomegaly

Tetralogy of fallot
Any syndromes with pulmonic stenosis or atresia
Hypoplastic right ventricle syndrome

25
Q

Group III —————————
Examples 4

A

Cyanotic with decreased pulmonary vascularity , cardiomegaly ++++++

Ebsteins anomaly
Pulmonary stenosis with ASD
Restrictive ASD
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum type II

26
Q

Group IV
Examples 4

A

Cyanotic with pulmonary arterial hypercirculation

TGA
TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS
TAPVC
TA
AVSd complete form
Hypoplastic eft heart syndrome

27
Q

Group V
subdivision 2
Examples in each 2

A

Pulmonary venous congestion

Structural heart diseases in new born
No structural heart disease in new born

Structural : Hypoplastic left heart ; coarctation of aorta ; critical aortic stenosis; ALCAPA/ARCAPA

Non Structral : asphyxia ; overhydration ; twin to twin transfusion ; hydrops fetalis

28
Q

Radiographic appearances :
Group 1 : pulmonary arterial over circulation //
Left to right shunts

A

Congested lung fields
No cardiomegaly

29
Q

Group 2 appearance : right to left with little or no cardiomegaly

A

Cyanosis clinically
Decrease or normal vascularity
Little or no cardiomegaly

30
Q

Group 3 : cyanosis // pulmonary vascularity decreased with cardiomegaly

Radiograph appearance

A

Cyanosis
Right to left shunt
Normal or decreased blood flow
Cardiomegaly

Eg ebsteins anomaly

31
Q

Group 4 : cyanotic with pulmonary over circulation
Both right to left and left to right

A

TA
TRICUSPID ATRESIA
TAPVC
TGA

CYANOSIS
PULMONARY FIELDS CONGESTION
MILD CARDIOMEGALY

32
Q

In a congenital heart syndrome radiograph barium esophagus shows indentation

Interpret site of blood shunt

A

Atrial level

33
Q

Impression on barium esophagus die to cardiomegaly is secondary to —————

A

Ventricular enlargement

34
Q

Cardiac masses : most common cardiac mass is

A

Thrombus > tumour

35
Q

First sequence in a cardiac mri

A

ECG gated transaxial T1 weighted spin echo

36
Q

Sequence to enhance the contrast between the myocardium and tumour tissue

A

Trans axial T2, weighted spin echo images.

37
Q

Two. Causes for increased contrast enhancement in any cardiac tumour.

A

Increase in extra cellular spaces between the cells

Increase in vascularity of the tumour

38
Q

What is the appearance of flowing blood on spin echo sequences

A

Appears as low signal intensity or flow void

39
Q

Appearance of flowing blood on gradient, echo or steady-state, free precession sequences

A

Blood pool indicated with high signal intensity

40
Q

What are the four common locations of cardiac tumours?

A

Intra cavitary
Paracardiac
Intramural
Intra pericardial

41
Q

Benign, primary cardiac tumours
Examples seven in number

A

Lipoma
MYXOMA
Papillary fibro ELASTOMA
Rhabdomyoma
Fibroma
PHEOCHROMOCOTOMA
HEMANGIOMA

42
Q

Most common

Left atrium, tumour
AORTIC valve
Myocardium
Right ventricular wall and ventricular septum
PERI left atrium retro AORTic
Right atrium
Ventricular myocardium

A

MYXOMA
Papillary fibro ELASTOMA
RHABDOMYOMA
FIBROMA
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
ANGIOSArCOMA/lymphoma
Rado myosarcoma

43
Q

Walking man sign of left atrial enlargement

A

Normal individuals have left AMA right main bronchus overlapping with each other on lateral chest x ray

In left atrial enlargement due to the left bronchus being pushed posterior there is inverted V configuration

44
Q

Contrast dose cardiac MRI

A

Gadolinium based agents 0.05-0.2mmol/ kg body weight

45
Q

Best agent in renal dysfunction patients

A

FERUMOXYTOL

46
Q

Use of SE sequence

A

Anatomy
High resolution sequence
Slow sequence

47
Q

GRE sequence

A

Fast acquisition sequence
Used for angiography
Quantitative measurement
Perfusion

48
Q

SSFP
USE ?

A

Single state free precession
Bright blood sequence
High temporal resolution
Excellent contrast between myocardium and blood pool

For valve lesion
wall motion
Volume quantification

49
Q

In inversion recovery sequence how does normal myocardium appear ?

A

Black

50
Q

Time for normal myocardial inversion

A

300-400 milliseconds after RF pulse

51
Q

Factors on which inversion recovery depends ?

A

Volume
contrast relaxiviity
Excretion rates
Field strength

52
Q

Triple IR sequence

A

Fat black
Blood black
Myocardium black

53
Q

What is VENC ?
What’s is it used
How’s does blood appear in it

A

Phase contrast imaging is otherwise called VENC
measures blood flows perpendicular to imaging plane bases on differences in phase shift of moving tissue relative to stationary tissue

Appears as as cine image throughout a cardiac cycle

Blood flowing towards is white /// away is black // stationary tissue is gray

Is used to interrogate specific velocities ; anything outside it is aliasing

54
Q

Webcast is myocardial tagging

How are RF pulses applied in this study

A

Assessment’ of wall motion and strain

Line grids

Lines deform as heat contracts and relaxes

Helps to identify contractile myocardium versus non contractile myocardial mass

55
Q

Name advanced sequences Ford cardiac MRI

A

Mr elastography
Mr fingerprinting
Diffusion tensor imaging
Pet MRI
Interventional MRI

56
Q

Mr elastography is used where

A

For determination of cardiac stiffness

57
Q

Mr spectroscopy uses in cardiac imaging

A

Using H proton spectroscopy determination of triglyceride content is an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction

For valvular diseases
Cardiomyopathies

58
Q

3 Teslas scanning used for

A

Better imaging quality

Radiology 101 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions